{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:54:32Z","timestamp":1790142872377,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vascular"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a prediction model that could risk stratify abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) into high and low growth rate groups, using machine learning algorithms based on variables from different pathophysiological fields.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of 40\u00a0patients with small AAAs (maximum diameter 32\u201353\u00a0mm) who had at least an initial and a follow-up CT scan (median follow-up 12\u00a0months, range 3\u201336\u00a0months) were included. 29 input variables from clinical, biological, morphometric, and biomechanical pathophysiological aspects extracted for predictive modeling. Collected data were used to build two supervised machine learning models. A gradient boosting (XGboost) and a support vector machines (SVM) algorithm were trained with 60% and tested with 40% of the data to predict which AAA would achieve a growth rate higher than the median of our study cohort. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were used for the evaluation of the developed algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>XGboost achieved the highest AUC in predicting high compared to low AAA growth rate with an AUC of 81.2% (95% CI from 61.1 to 100%). SVM achieved the second highest performance with an AUC of 68.8% (95% CI from 46.5 to 91%). Based on the best performing algorithm, variable importance was estimated. Diameter\u2013diameter ratio (maximum diameter\/neck diameter), Tortuosity from Renal arteries to aortic bifurcation, and maximum thickness of the intraluminal thrombus were found to be the most important factors for model predictions. Other factors were also found to play a significant but less important role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prediction model that can risk stratify AAAs into high and low growth rate groups could be developed by analyzing several factors implicated in the multifactorial pathophysiology of this disease, with the use of machine learning algorithms. Future studies including larger patient cohorts and implementing additional risk markers may aid in the establishment of such methodology during AAA rupture risk estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17085381221077821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T15:29:33Z","timestamp":1654874973000},"page":"409-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Prediction of abdominal aortic aneurysm growth by artificial intelligence taking into account clinical, biologic, morphologic, and biomechanical variables"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6792-5003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Kontopodis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail","family":"Klontzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical School University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tzirakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6020-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Charalambous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Marias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Tsetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical School University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Karantanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical School University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos V","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.09.020"},{"key":"bibr2-17085381221077821","first-page":"CD001835","volume":"7","author":"Ulug P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr3-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1708538114532084"},{"key":"bibr4-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq171"},{"key":"bibr5-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081718"},{"key":"bibr6-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319706290741"},{"key":"bibr7-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.08.064"},{"key":"bibr8-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.09.026"},{"key":"bibr9-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1526602815584018"},{"key":"bibr10-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.07.003"},{"key":"bibr11-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007791"},{"key":"bibr12-17085381221077821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.12.026"},{"key":"bibr13-17085381221077821","unstructured":"Metaxa E, Kontopodis N, Ioannou CV, et al. 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