{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T07:49:35Z","timestamp":1794642575236,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Foundation of China Youth Project","award":["82004369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82004369"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province TCM Science","award":["2019-0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-0205"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vascular"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate the risk factors for developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for relevant studies on DFU risk factors, and the search time frame was from database creation to March 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 26 publications were included, including 3 cohort studies, 22 case\u2013control studies, and one cross-sectional study. Meta-analysis showed that advanced age [MD = 6.04, 95% CI (3.92, 8.16)], male [OR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.48, 2.29)], elevated body mass index [MD = 1.58, 95% CI (0.47, 2.69)], prolonged duration of diabetes [MD = 2.72, 95% CI (2.33, 3.11)], comorbid nephropathy [OR = 3.15, 95% CI (2.68, 4.60)], comorbid neuropathy [OR = 4.80, 95% CI (2.79, 8.27)], comorbid retinopathy [OR = 3.37, 95% CI (2.26, 5.02)], elevated systolic blood pressure [OR = 8.19, 95% CI (6.33, 10.05)], elevated fasting glucose [MD = 1.60, 95% CI (0.21, 3.00)], elevated glycated hemoglobin [MD = 1.24, 95% CI (0.94, 1.54)], elevated triglycerides [MD = 0.44 (95% CI (0.15, 0.73)], elevated fibrinogen [MD = 1.35, 95% CI (0.62, 2.08)], elevated white blood cell count [MD = 2.56, 95% CI (2.24, 2.88)], elevated C-reactive protein [MD = 15.08, 95% CI (8.03, 22.13)], decreased ankle-brachial ratio [MD = \u22120.26, 95% CI (\u22120.36, \u22120.16)], and decreased total protein levels [MD = \u22124.58, 95% CI (\u22126.91, \u22122.25)] were risk factors for developing DFU ( p &lt; 0.05), and increased HDL cholesterol levels [MD = \u22120.22, 95% CI (\u22120.36, \u22120.08)] were protective factor for developing DFU ( p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are many risk factors for developing of ulcers in the diabetic feet, and early prevention and intervention should be performed as early as possible to assess the risk of developing diabetic foot patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17085381231154805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T01:01:21Z","timestamp":1675645281000},"page":"661-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"WH","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5332-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YN","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8362-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZX","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2284-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JX","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5149-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XM","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bibr1-17085381231154805","first-page":"251","volume":"97","author":"China Association for the advancement of international healthcare and Diabetes Association","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Med"},{"key":"bibr2-17085381231154805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01868-3"},{"key":"bibr3-17085381231154805","unstructured":"Rostom A, Dube C, Cranney A, et al. 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