{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:18:07Z","timestamp":1777943887588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vascular"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to investigate the reliability of a portable toe pressure (TP) photoplethysmography device (PPG) by comparing it to a stationary laser Doppler flowmeter (LD) used in the Helsinki University Hospital. The study evaluated if lower limb arterial circulation could be reliably evaluated with the portable PPG which is more affordable and mobile than the stationary LD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TPs were measured from 102 toes of 54 patients in the vascular surgery outpatient clinic, vascular surgery ward and interventional radiology recovery ward of Helsinki University Hospital. According to the study protocol TPs were measured twice with the PPG device. If the difference between the values was over 10 mmHg, a third measurement was done and two of the closest values were selected for the final analysis. The lowest value displayed by the PPG device was 30 mmHg. Lower than 30 mmHg values were reported as 25 mmHg in the analysis. The repeatability and reliability of the PPG measurements were compared to the LD with Bland Altman plots.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most patients had rest pain (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 29) or claudication (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9). Prior to TP measurement, 24 patients had undergone lower limb revascularization through either a hybrid (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3), open (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10) or endovascular (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11) procedure. The mean absolute difference between PPG and LD measurement values was 15 mmHg (95% confidence interval 12\u201318 mmHg). 87.5% of lower limbs with significant arterial insufficiency (TP &lt;60 mmHg with LD,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 49) had a PPG measurement value of &lt;60 mmHg. Conversely, 84.8% of lower limbs that did not exceed the ischemia criterion of TP \u226560 mmHg with LD had a PPG measurement value of \u226560 mmHg. Mean absolute difference of two consecutive PPG measurement values was 4 mmHg (95% CI 3\u20135 mmHg).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PPG device is a light and affordable option for the assessment of lower limb arterial circulation in primary health care. It is moderately reliable to exclude significant lower limb arterial insufficiency and may reduce unnecessary referrals to the vascular surgery clinic. The repeatability of the PPG device is satisfactory. However, it requires training to use, and the results must always be interpreted with consideration for the patient\u2019s clinical status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17085381241305192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T18:28:42Z","timestamp":1733164122000},"page":"1344-1350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reliability of a portable toe pressure photoplethysmography device compared to a stationary laser doppler flowmeter"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5374-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perttu","family":"Laamanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0098-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjami","family":"Laivuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katariina","family":"Noronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarit","family":"Venermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2126"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC Guideline on the Management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: Executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American heart association Task Force on clinical practice Guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Gerhard-Herman MD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, et al. 2016 AHA\/ACC Guideline on the Management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: Executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American heart association Task Force on clinical practice Guidelines. 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