{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:18:50Z","timestamp":1777943930844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vascular"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carotid artery stenting is a minimally invasive procedure often chosen to treat carotid artery stenosis. In-stent restenosis is a well-known complication of this procedure. Statins, primarily recognized for their role in lowering LDL cholesterol, have been demonstrated to reduce in-stent restenosis following coronary artery stenting. This effect is often attributed to their pleiotropic properties rather than solely their impact on LDL cholesterol. Given that neointimal hyperplasia is the mechanism underlying in-stent restenosis in both coronary and carotid artery stenting, this study aims to investigate the effects of statins on in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting, as well as to identify factors that contribute to restenosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 51 patients who underwent carotid artery stenting. Data collected included the patients\u2019 age, gender, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking history, post-procedure smoking, statin use, plaque morphologies, and Doppler and NASCET stenosis rates. Follow-ups were performed at 3rd and 6th months post-procedure. Maximum LDL cholesterol levels and HbA1c levels were measured at the 6-month follow-up. Intima-media thickness within the stent lumen was assessed, and restenosis was evaluated based on spectral Doppler findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our study, according to the measurements obtained from the in-stent segment, restenosis was detected in 5 patients (9.8%) overall. After the procedure, 37 patients (72.5%) were on statins, while 14 (27.5%) were not. Restenosis occurred in 4 patients (28.6%) in the non-statin group and 1 patient (2.7%) in the statin group, with a statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .017). All patients in the non-statin group had maximum LDL cholesterol levels \u2265100\u00a0mg\/dl during the follow-up. In the statin group, 67.6% of patients had maximum LDL cholesterol levels \u2265100\u00a0mg\/dl, while 32.4% of patients had &lt;100\u00a0mg\/dl. The difference was found statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .022). All 5 patients who developed restenosis had left-sided stents, and the difference between the groups was found to be close to statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .051). No significant differences were found between groups concerning other factors influencing restenosis and neointimal hyperplasia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study is the first in the literature to demonstrate that statin use is effective in preventing the development of restenosis in patients who underwent carotid artery stenting. This effect appears to occur independently of LDL cholesterol levels and is attributed to the pleiotropic effects of statins. Based on the data obtained, we believe that statin use after the procedure may reduce restenosis rates, regardless of LDL cholesterol levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17085381251342343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T06:12:23Z","timestamp":1747807943000},"page":"417-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of statins on restenosis after carotid artery stenting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3804-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berna","family":"Keskin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Etlik \u015eehir Hastanesi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Ergun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Ankara Hastanesi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erdem","family":"Birgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi Ankara E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I\u015f\u0131k","family":"Conkbay\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Etlik \u015eehir Hastanesi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erdi","family":"Tangobay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Etlik \u015eehir Hastanesi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Fevzi","family":"\u00d6ztekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Etlik \u015eehir Hastanesi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baki","family":"Hekimo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi Ankara D\u0131\u015fkap\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7461\/jcen.2023.E2022.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00033197221121005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7617"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110398"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/152660280200900308"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/152660280301000333"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of carotid artery in-stent restenosis: multivariable analysis","volume":"24","author":"Megaly M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Megaly M, Alani F, Cheng CI, et al. 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