{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:14:02Z","timestamp":1789474442857,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"abstract":"\n \n \n Abstract:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:underline>\n \n \n Background:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:underline>\n Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) affects 15\u201320% of the population, with patch testing as the best diagnostic tool. However, inappropriate reimbursement models and the absence of a physician work relative value unit create financial disincentives that limit access to patch testing services.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:underline>\n This study assessed patch test utilization among American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) members to identify updated reimbursement models and to explore barriers affecting the availability of patch testing.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:underline>\n A 20-question survey was electronically distributed to ACDS members between December 2024 and January 2025, with questions pertaining to practice type, patch testing patterns, current reimbursement structures, and financial barriers to patch testing administration.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Results:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:underline>\n Among 76 respondents, 83% were dermatologists, with a median of 14 years in practice. Compensation varied: 41% received no payment beyond evaluation and management codes, and 38% were reimbursed via collections. 42% of respondents never conduct extended patch testing. Additionally, 42% of respondents did not accept Medicaid. Frequently cited barriers included lack of standardized billing and high no-show rates.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:underline>\n Administrative and financial challenges continue to hinder patch testing accessibility. Standardized reimbursement models, expanded insurance coverage, and policy reforms may help improve equitable access to this critical diagnostic service, though additional barriers such as provider expertise and geographic distribution might also play important roles.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17103568251401546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T10:17:12Z","timestamp":1764152232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Barriers to Patch Testing: Assessing Reimbursement Challenges and Practice Patterns Among Members of the American Contact Dermatitis Society"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Moraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the\rRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ava","family":"Kucera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamir","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galaria Plastic Surgery & Dermatology, Chantilly, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Liszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0846-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.1139"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","article-title":"Prevalence of patch testing and methodology of dermatologists in the US: Results of a cross-sectional survey","author":"Warshaw EM","year":"2002","unstructured":"3.Warshaw EM, , Nelson D. Prevalence of patch testing and methodology of dermatologists in the US: Results of a cross-sectional survey. Am J Contact Dermat. 2002.","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e31824a60d1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000754"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","unstructured":"6. Medicare NCCI Medically Unlikely Edits. Available from: https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/medicare\/coding-billing\/national-correct-coding-initiative-ncci-edits\/medicare-ncci-medically-unlikely-edits [Last accessed: August7 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02463-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.804"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13650"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000355"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5823"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.00224"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"The 2021 office visit coding changes: Putting the pieces together","volume":"27","author":"Self C","year":"2020","unstructured":"14.Self C, , Moore KJ, , Church SL. The 2021 office visit coding changes: Putting the pieces together. Fam Pract Manag. 2020;27(6):6\u201312.","journal-title":"Fam Pract Manag"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00258-0"}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17103568251401546","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17103568251401546","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17103568251401546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:09:46Z","timestamp":1777399786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17103568251401546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17103568251401546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17103568251401546","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"article-number":"17103568251401546"}}