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This review systematically decodes the multi-level crosslink within the \u201cbrain\u2013skin axis\u201d in AD, encompassing recent advances in peripheral sensory neuron sensitization, central neural remodeling, and neuro-immune interactions. We elaborate on the roles of neuropeptides, cytokines, the autonomic nervous system, and the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis in the itch\u2013scratch cycle, inflammation amplification, and mood disorders. Furthermore, we examine the influence of novel therapeutic strategies, including biologics, Janus kinase inhibitors, psychological approaches, and microbiome modulation, on these neuropsychological components. Finally, we outline future research directions, such as elucidating the molecular mechanisms of neuro-immune crosstalk, identifying relevant biomarkers, and establishing interdisciplinary diagnostic and treatment models. 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