{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:36:38Z","timestamp":1792859798869,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical implants are often suspected of causing allergic reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine results for 2016\u20132022 North American Contact Dermatitis Group implant patch testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of clinical findings and patch test results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 128 Pre-implant\u00a0cases, 57.8% had \u22651 positive patch test reaction (PPTR). Top implant sites were knee and hip (62.7%). Top PPTRs were nickel 5% (43.0%), nickel 2.5% (29.1%), vanadium (14.3%), and cobalt (11%). Of 170 Post-implant\u00a0cases, 45.3% had no dermatitis, 29.8% had dermatitis at the implant site, and 14.9% had scattered\/generalized distribution. Top implant sites were knee and hip (66.8%). There was \u22651 PPTR in 35.9% of patients. 27\/43 (62.8%) allergens ever tested positive, and of these, 77.8% (21\/27) had current relevance. Top PPTR were nickel 5% (16.5%), nickel 2.5% (12.9%), cobalt (6.5%), and neomycin (5.9%). Of 170 cases, 18 (10.6%) were diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis at implant site due to implant, with top allergens titanium oxalate (n = 4), tobramycin (n = 3), cobalt (n = 3), and nickel 5% (n = 3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over half of Pre-implant\u00a0and just over 1\/3 of Post-implant\u00a0patients had \u22651 PPTR. About 10% of Post-implant\u00a0patients were diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis at implant site due to implant. Outcomes data are needed to confirm relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17103568261499055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:59:55Z","timestamp":1792720795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patch Testing for Implanted Medical Device-Related Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions: Retrospective Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2016\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Amber Reck","family":"Atwater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Distinctive Dermatology, Vienna, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Warshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Health Partners\/Park Nicollet and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margo J.","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie D.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claude","family":"Houle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy A.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald V.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cory A.","family":"Dunnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Zippin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen","family":"Mowad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Botto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiaDe","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"DeKoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 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