{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:24:45Z","timestamp":1777789485410,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biol Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence and distribution of neuroendocrine differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was estimated by assays for synaptophysin (SYN), chromogranin A (CgA), Leu7 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Serum NSE and CgA were determined in parallel to find the values of these markers for distinguishing neuroendocrine differentiation in NSCLC. Fifty-eight resected NSCLC specimens and 34 sera of NSCLC patients entered the study. Neuroendocrine differentiation was graded according to the percentage of neuroendocrine tumor cells as NE0 \u2013 0%, NE1\u2013NE4 \u2013 1%-&gt;76%. Serum NSE &lt;12.5 ng\/mL and serum CgA &lt;46 U\/L were taken as cutoff levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>63.8% (37\/58) of NSCLC were scored as NE1\u2013NE4 according to the SYN, CgA and Leu7 levels; 34.5% as NE1; 29.3% as NE2\u2013NE4. 56.8% of tumors were positive for SYN, 34.4% for CgA, 22.4% for Leu7, and 79.3% for NSE. A significant relationship was found between tumor SYN and tumor CgA expression, and between tumor SYN expression and tumor stage. Adenocarcinomas showed a significantly higher rate of neuroendocrine differentiation than squamous cell carcinomas. All normal serum CgA levels corresponded to a lack of CgA expression in the tumors. The increased serum NSE levels presented by 26% of NSCLC patients (mainly &lt;16 ng\/mL) did not correlate with tumor NSE expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of neuroendocrine differentiation in NSCLC varies and depends on the immunohistochemical criteria used; this warrants standardization of the immunohistochemical criteria for neuroendocrine differentiation in NSCLC. NSE expression in the tumor and a mild increase in serum NSE are poor markers for distinguishing neuroendocrine differentiation in NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/172460080502000404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:21:45Z","timestamp":1516062105000},"page":"217-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neuroendocrine Phenotype of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Immunohistological Evaluation and Biochemical Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Slodkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telepathology, The National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw - Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"III Department of Lung Diseases, The National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw - 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