{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:04:02Z","timestamp":1791993842099,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The index case of the Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa is believed to have originated in Guinea. By June 2014, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone were in the midst of a full-blown and complex global health emergency. The devastating effects of this Ebola epidemic in West Africa put the global health response in acute focus for urgent international interventions. Accordingly, in October 2014, a World Health Organization high-level meeting endorsed the concept of a phase 2\/3 clinical trial in Liberia to study Ebola vaccines. As a follow-up to the global response, in November 2014, the Government of Liberia and the US Government signed an agreement to form a research partnership to investigate Ebola and to assess intervention strategies for treating, controlling, and preventing the disease in Liberia. This agreement led to the establishment of the Joint Liberia\u2013US Partnership for Research on Ebola Virus in Liberia as the beginning of a long-term collaborative partnership in clinical research between the two countries. In this article, we discuss the methodology and related challenges associated with the implementation of the Ebola vaccines clinical trial, based on a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, in Liberia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774515621037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T07:02:37Z","timestamp":1452841357000},"page":"49-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Implementation of an Ebola virus disease vaccine clinical trial during the Ebola epidemic in Liberia: Design, procedures, and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stephen B","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liberia\u2013US Clinical Trials Partnership Program, Partnership for Research on Ebola Vaccines in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia"},{"name":"Incident Management System (IMS), Emergency Operations Center (EoC), Ministry of Health (MoH), Monrovia, Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D","family":"Neaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Clifford","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark WS","family":"Kieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liberia\u2013US Clinical Trials Partnership Program, Partnership for Research on Ebola Vaccines in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses BF","family":"Massaquoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liberia\u2013US Clinical Trials Partnership Program, Partnership for Research on Ebola Vaccines in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia"},{"name":"Incident Management System (IMS), Emergency Operations Center (EoC), Ministry of Health (MoH), Monrovia, Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A","family":"Touchette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha C","family":"Nason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean A","family":"Follmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatorma K","family":"Boley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liberia\u2013US Clinical Trials Partnership Program, Partnership for Research on Ebola Vaccines in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia"},{"name":"Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research (LIBR), Margibi, Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin P","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liberia\u2013US Clinical Trials Partnership Program, Partnership for Research on Ebola Vaccines in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis N","family":"Kateh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Incident Management System (IMS), Emergency Operations Center (EoC), Ministry of Health (MoH), Monrovia, Liberia"},{"name":"Ministry of Health (MoH), Monrovia, Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolbert G","family":"Nyenswah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Incident Management System (IMS), Emergency Operations Center (EoC), Ministry of Health (MoH), Monrovia, Liberia"},{"name":"Ministry of Health (MoH), Monrovia, Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1740774515621037","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global alert & response: Ebola virus disease (EVD), 2014, http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/2014_03_30_ebola_lbr\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr2-1740774515621037","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The Ebola outbreak in Liberia is over, http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/statements\/2015\/liberia-ends-ebola\/en\/ (2015, accessed 11 November 2015)."},{"key":"bibr3-1740774515621037","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ebola transmission in Liberia over. Nation enters 90-day intensive surveillance period, http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/statements\/2015\/ebola-transmission-over-liberia\/en\/ (2015, accessed 11 November 2015)."},{"key":"bibr4-1740774515621037","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ebola situation report, 16 September 2015, http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-16-september-2015 (accessed 11 November 2015)."},{"key":"bibr5-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2014.12.013"},{"key":"bibr6-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001804"},{"key":"bibr7-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60644-4"},{"key":"bibr8-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.151068"},{"key":"bibr9-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1502924"},{"key":"bibr10-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62385-0"},{"key":"bibr11-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410863"},{"key":"bibr12-1740774515621037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3702"}],"container-title":["Clinical Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1740774515621037","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1740774515621037","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1740774515621037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:29:21Z","timestamp":1777397361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1740774515621037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1740774515621037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1740774515621037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-7745","1740-7753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-7745","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-7753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]}}}