{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:52:23Z","timestamp":1793497943388,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]],"date-time":"2015-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of pain and sickness absence for ultrasound practitioners. This article aims to provide background information about factors increasing the chance of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders and potential ways to reduce risk. Factors influencing ultrasound professionals\u2019 likelihood of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders include poor posture, repetitive movements, transducer pressure and poor grip, stress, workload, limited support or sense of control and other psychosocial factors. The impact of these risk factors on the health and well being of ultrasound practitioners can be reduced by following recommendations published by professional bodies and the Health and Safety Executive. Ultrasound practitioners should remember that optimising the examination should not be at the detriment of their health. Some hints and tips to reduce the chance of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271x15593575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]],"date-time":"2015-06-30T23:05:37Z","timestamp":1435705537000},"page":"224-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in ultrasound: Can you reduce risk?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gill","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756479309351748"},{"key":"bibr2-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/875647939701300501"},{"key":"bibr3-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2306-6"},{"key":"bibr4-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2007.02.004"},{"key":"bibr5-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Brown T. Hard hats for sonographers? Synergy News January 2012:24\u201325."},{"key":"bibr6-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMI.S34724"},{"key":"bibr7-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.8.1363"},{"key":"bibr8-1742271X15593575","volume-title":"Risk management of musculoskeletal disorders in sonography work","author":"Monnington S","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr9-1742271X15593575","volume-title":"Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders In Sonography","author":"Sunley K","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr10-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2003.09.016"},{"key":"bibr11-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ult.2012.012014"},{"key":"bibr12-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Institute of Ergonomics & Human Factors. Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2015. See http:\/\/ergonomics.org.uk\/learning\/what-ergonomics\/ (last checked 1 May 2015)."},{"key":"bibr13-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Baker J. The \u201cPrice\u201d We All Pay for Ignoring Ergonomics in Sonography SRU Newsletter 2011;\n                      21\n                      :3\u20134. See http:\/\/c.ymcdn.com\/sites\/sru.org\/resource\/resmgr\/newsletters\/sru_newsletter_jan2011.pdf (last checked 17 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr14-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Forrester C.\n                      The osteopath\u2019s role in the diagnosis and management of patients with the symptoms of repetitive strain injury in the upper extremities\n                      . London: The British School of Osteopathy;2012. See http:\/\/bso-web.bso.ac.uk\/bso-all\/library-public\/intranettest\/PROJECTS_2012_files\/Forrester.pdf (last checked 22 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr15-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Murphy C and Russo A. An update on ergonomic issues in sonography.\n                      EHS Employee Health and Safety Services\n                      , 2000. See http:\/\/sdms.org\/pdf\/sonoergonomics.pdf (last checked 12 January 2015)."},{"key":"bibr16-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2007.06.005"},{"key":"bibr17-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201108000-00002"},{"key":"bibr18-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"NHS Choices.\n                      Joint Hypermobility\n                      . Gov.UK. See http:\/\/nhs.uk\/Conditions\/Joint-hypermobility\/Pages\/Introduction.aspx (last checked 1 May 2015)."},{"key":"bibr19-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP20","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271X15589266","volume":"23","author":"Harris A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound"},{"key":"bibr20-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174313408X361199"},{"key":"bibr21-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/875647930101700602"},{"key":"bibr22-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ult.2011.010057"},{"key":"bibr23-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bolton G and Cox D. Survey of UK sonographers on the prevention of work related muscular-skeletal disorder (WRMSD).\n                      J Clin Ultrasound\n                      . Epub ahead of print 12 July 2014. 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See https:\/\/rcog.org.uk\/globalassets\/documents\/patients\/patient-information-leaflets\/pregnancy\/why-your-weight-matters-during-pregnancy.pdf (last checked 22 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr27-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7550"},{"key":"bibr28-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(98)00099-7"},{"key":"bibr29-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2002.006734"},{"key":"bibr30-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive. Upper limb disorders in the workplace. HSE Books. HSE: Birmingham, 2002. See http:\/\/hse.gov.uk\/pubns\/priced\/hsg60.pdf (last checked 11 November 2014)."},{"key":"bibr31-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme.\n                      The Base Menu\n                      . See http:\/\/fetalanomaly.screening.nhs.uk\/fetalanomalyresource\/whats-in-the-hexagons1\/about-the-scan\/the-base-menu (last checked 22 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr32-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Thompson N. Ultrasound examination times and appointments.\n                      Society and College of Radiographers\n                      . See www.sor.org\/printpdf\/book\/export\/html\/9423 (last checked 22 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr33-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Leah C. Exercises to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort for people doing a range of static and repetitive work.\n                      Health & Safety Executive 2011\n                      . See http:\/\/hse.gov.uk\/research\/rrpdf\/rr743.pdf (last checked 27 November 2014)."},{"key":"bibr34-1742271X15593575","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive. When should I review my risk assessment?\n                      HSE\n                      . 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See http:\/\/medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/burnout (last checked 1 May 2015)."},{"key":"bibr37-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756479304266737"},{"key":"bibr38-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/87564790122250318"},{"key":"bibr39-1742271X15593575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756479313485286"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1742271X15593575","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1742271X15593575","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1742271X15593575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:47:45Z","timestamp":1777708065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1742271X15593575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1742271X15593575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1742271x15593575","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-271X","1743-1344"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-271X","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-1344","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]}}}