{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:25:24Z","timestamp":1777944324767,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute viral hepatitis A remains a significant public health concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the relationship between gallbladder wall pathology, liver stiffness measurements, controlled attenuation parameter, and biochemical markers in adult patients with acute viral hepatitis A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 42 patients with acute viral hepatitis A were studied over 3 months. Patients underwent ultrasound and transient elastography examinations. Gallbladder wall thickness was categorised into two groups: 3\u201310 mm (group A) and \u2a7e10 mm (group B).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallbladder wall thickening was detected in 95% of patients. Stratification and fluid accumulation were present in 71% and 38% of patients, respectively. Gallbladder wall thickness \u2a7e10mm was significantly associated with stratification and fluid accumulation (p &lt; 0.0001). Higher gallbladder wall thickness correlated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.008), ammonia levels (p = 0.011), and international normalised ratio (p = 0.047). A positive correlation was observed between procalcitonin levels \u2a7e0.25 ng\/mL and gallbladder wall thickness \u2a7e10 mm (p = 0.011). The controlled attenuation parameter values were significantly lower in patients with greater gallbladder wall thickness (p = 0.013), while liver stiffness measurement showed no correlation with gallbladder wall thickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In acute viral hepatitis A, gallbladder wall thickening is almost a pathognomonic finding. Increased gallbladder wall thickness correlates with increased alanine aminotransferase, ammonia, international normalised ratio, and procalcitonin levels, highlighting its potential as a non-invasive marker of disease severity. Controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement require cautious interpretation in acute inflammation. These findings support gallbladder wall assessment as a valuable tool in evaluating acute viral hepatitis A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271x251356613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T13:27:47Z","timestamp":1753018067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation of gallbladder wall pathology with controlled attenuation parameter, liver stiffness measurement, and laboratory markers in acute viral hepatitis A"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2020-7573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Porubcin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Rovnakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2682-4994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ondrej","family":"Zahornacky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavol","family":"Jarcuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10232-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.137.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870150503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.069153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00811.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870120305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.14052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Ascites and gallbladder abnormalities are frequent findings in adults with hepatitis A virus infection","volume":"21","author":"Israel S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Israel S, Fruchtman H, Hakimian D, et al. Ascites and gallbladder abnormalities are frequent findings in adults with hepatitis A virus infection. Isr Med Assoc J 2019; 21: 24\u201328.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199112000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.10-0670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical manifestation of acute viral hepatitis B in republic of Moldova","volume":"14","author":"Cojuhari L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cojuhari L, P\u00e2ntea V., Pl\u0103cint\u0103 G, et al. Clinical and biochemical manifestation of acute viral hepatitis B in republic of Moldova. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14: P14.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.10167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02486-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","article-title":"Physiology and genetics of procalcitonin","volume":"49","author":"Maruna P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maruna P, Nedeln\u00edkov\u00e1 K, G\u00fcrlich R. Physiology and genetics of procalcitonin. 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