{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:56:13Z","timestamp":1781459773738,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship awarded to Jacqueline Matthew","award":["NIHR300555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR300555"]}]},{"name":"the Welcome Trust and EPSRC IEH award","award":["102431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102431"]}]},{"name":"the iFIND project","award":["WT 220160\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT 220160\/Z\/20\/Z"]}]},{"name":"the NIHR Clinical Research Facility (CRF) at Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Three-dimensional prenatal ultrasound scans of a baby\u2019s facial features have become increasingly popular among parents in both private and clinical settings. Ultrasound practitioners often draw on their experience to identify factors that influence image quality when discussing scan outcomes with parents. This study aims to identify the maternal, fetal and technical factors that may affect the quality of three-dimensional souvenir face images during ultrasound scan. A retrospective quality review study was performed with data from a single-centre research study, including ultrasound videos of the fetal growth scans, three-dimensional facial ultrasound acquisitions and post-processing steps. A total of 342 three-dimensional surface-rendered images were attempted from 41 singleton pregnancy subjects, average gestational age 26.69\u2009weeks, range: 21\u201330. The retrospective image quality for all images was assessed by two observers. Univariable ordinal regression test was used to investigate the associations between demographic\/technical factors and the best image quality acheiveable. Of the 41 pregnancies, three-dimensional acquisition time was an average of 03:07 (mm:ss), (range: 01:22\u20135:31). In total, 49% of women had at least one good or moderate quality image, and 51% women had a poor quality or failed three-dimensional scan as the best quality possible. Image quality was associated with placenta site, explaining 18% of the variation (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). We found a maternal\u2013fetal factor which has a high impact on three-dimensional image quality of the prenatal face but nonetheless, sonographer skill, training and other technical factors may be employed to minimise the impact of detrimental factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271x261436619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T08:25:31Z","timestamp":1781166331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors influencing the successful acquisition and quality of three-dimensional souvenir obstetric ultrasound facial images: A narrative review and quantitative evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1784-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashanda","family":"Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4754-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Matthew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of commercial three-dimensional ultrasound scans","volume":"25","author":"Wadephul F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wadephul F, Jomeen J, Glover L. Women\u2019s experiences of commercial three-dimensional ultrasound scans. MIDIRS Midwifery Dig 2015; 25: 433\u2013438.","journal-title":"MIDIRS Midwifery Dig"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1896"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.12.1599"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182446ef7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802524586"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2013.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102793"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.4.650"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.090"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.984"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Three-dimensional multiplanar ultrasound is a valuable tool in the study of the fetal profile in the second trimester of pregnancy","volume":"35","author":"De Jong-Pleij EAP","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Jong-Pleij EAP, Ribbert LSM, Tromp E, et al. Three-dimensional multiplanar ultrasound is a valuable tool in the study of the fetal profile in the second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstetgynecol 2010; 35(2): 195\u2013200.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstetgynecol"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1742271X261436619","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1742271X261436619","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1742271X261436619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:06:53Z","timestamp":1781456813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1742271X261436619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1742271X261436619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1742271x261436619","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-271X","1743-1344"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-271X","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-1344","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"article-number":"1742271X261436619"}}