{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:18:01Z","timestamp":1792426681828,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound"],"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules, but most outcome data originates from East Asian centres, and evidence from European and Middle Eastern populations is limited. We evaluated the 12-month volumetric response, safety and subgroup outcomes of microwave ablation in a Turkish cohort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n In this single-centre retrospective cohort, 180 consecutive patients with cytologically benign thyroid nodules and complete follow-up underwent ultrasound-guided microwave ablation between January 2019 and May 2025. Thyroid nodule volume was measured by ultrasound at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12\u2009months; volume reduction rate was the primary outcome. Change over time was assessed with repeated-measures analysis of variance (volume) and the Friedman test (volume reduction rate).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean volume of benign thyroid nodules fell from 10.29\u2009\u00b1\u20094.15 to 2.86\u2009\u00b1\u20091.23\u2009cm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009999.7,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n \n \n \n \n \u03b7<\/mml:mi>\n p<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2009=\u20090.848). The median volume reduction rate rose from 40.9% at 3\u2009months to 62.5% at 6\u2009months and 72.6% at 12\u2009months (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). All patients reached \u2a7e50% volume reduction rate by 6\u2009months, and 65.6% reached \u2a7e70% by 12\u2009months. Outcomes were independent of sex and baseline volume. No major complications occurred, and 80.6% reported complete symptom resolution.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation achieved substantial and safe 12-month volume reduction in benign thyroid nodules, supporting it as a viable alternative to thyroidectomy in carefully selected patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271x261469983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T07:36:01Z","timestamp":1784964961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Volumetric outcomes of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for benign thyroid nodules: A single-centre retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6493-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130smail","family":"Engin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, \u00dcmraniye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Beykent University Hospital, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali H.","family":"Emirkad\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafer \u00dc.","family":"Co\u015fkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cang YC Fan FY Liu Y et al. Efficacy of microwave ablation in the treatment of large benign thyroid nodules: a multi-center study. Eur Radiol 2024; 34: 6852\u20136861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10614-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10614-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernet VJ Chindris AM. Update on the evaluation of thyroid nodules. J Nucl Med 2021; 62(Suppl. l2): 13S\u201319S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.120.246025","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.246025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durante C Grani G Lamartina L et al. The diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: a review. JAMA 2018; 319: 914\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.0898","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim JY Kuo JH. Thyroid nodule radiofrequency ablation: complications and clinical follow up. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 25: 100824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvir.2022.100824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2022.100824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papini E Monpeyssen H Frasoldati A et al. 2020 European Thyroid Association clinical practice guideline for the use of image-guided ablation in benign thyroid nodules. Eur Thyroid J 2020; 9: 172\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000508484","DOI":"10.1159\/000508484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim JH Baek JH Lim HK et al. 2017 thyroid radiofrequency ablation guideline: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology. Korean J Radiol 2018; 19: 632\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.4.632","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.4.632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Na DG Lee JH Jung SL et al. Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers: consensus statement and recommendations. Korean J Radiol 2012; 13: 117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2012.13.2.117","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2012.13.2.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monpeyssen H Alamri A Ben Hamou A. Long-term results of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: state of the art and future perspectives \u2013 a systematic review. Front Endocrinol 2021; 12: 622996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.622996","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.622996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho SJ Baek JH Chung SR et al. Long-term results of thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrinol Metab 2020; 35: 339\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3803\/EnM.2020.35.2.339","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.35.2.339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng Z Liang P. Advances in ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules. Adv Clin Exp Med 2020; 29: 1123\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17219\/acem\/125433","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/125433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen S Dou J Cang Y et al. Microwave versus radiofrequency ablation in treating predominantly solid benign thyroid nodules: a randomized controlled trial. Radiology 2024; 313: e232162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.232162","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crespo Vallejo E Hermosin A Gargallo M et al. Multiple overlapping microwave ablation in benign thyroid nodule: a single-center 24-month study. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12: e220175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ETJ-22-0175","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-22-0175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zufry H Hariyanto TI. Comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Radiol 2024; 25: 301\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2023.1004","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2023.1004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim H Cho SJ Baek JH. Comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation in benign thyroid nodule treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2025; 35: 612\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10881-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10881-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo DM Chen Z Zhai YX et al. Comparison of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation for benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol 2021; 95: 187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14438","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerit MN Y\u00fccel C Cerit ET et al. Comparison of the efficiency of radiofrequency and microwave ablation methods in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. Acad Radiol 2023; 30: 2172\u20132180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2023.05.030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan WK Sun JH Liou MJ et al. Novel and advanced ultrasound techniques for thyroid thermal ablation. Endocrinol Metab 2024; 39: 40\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3803\/EnM.2024.1917","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2024.1917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo F Huang L Gong X et al. Microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules: 3-year follow-up outcomes. Head Neck 2021; 43: 3437\u20133447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.26842","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yildirim G Karakas HM. Artery-first microwave ablation in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. Adv Clin Exp Med 2022; 31: 1111\u20131119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17219\/acem\/150829","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/150829"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1742271X261469983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1742271X261469983","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1742271X261469983","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T07:19:28Z","timestamp":1785136768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1742271X261469983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1742271X261469983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1742271x261469983","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-271X","1743-1344"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-271X","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-1344","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"article-number":"1742271X261469983"}}