{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:50:00Z","timestamp":1782514200811,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chronic Illness"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Puerto Rico.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis between January 2015 and December 2018 were selected from the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration Administraci\u00f3n de Seguros de Salud de Puerto Rico claims database. The International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision coding for sarcoidosis was used for case detection and utilization of health care services. Cases by sex and age were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 488 individuals with sarcoidosis were identified over the 4-year study. The median age at diagnosis was 59 years old. The average annual incidence rate was 9.9\/100,000. The baseline prevalence was 14.9 per 100,000. Females represented 68.4% of the cases. Patients with lung and unspecified sarcoidosis predominate with 45.6% and 28.2% of cases, respectively. Overall, the yearly cost of health care utilization and medications per patient was $234 and $13,638, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Annual incidence rate and the median age of sarcoidosis in Puerto Ricans are among the highest and oldest reported globally. The demographic profile of sarcoidosis in Puerto Rico presents a patient in the mid-to advanced age, mostly female. While costs for medications were relatively high for a patient with sarcoidosis, the economic burden of the disease to the national health care system is not substantial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17423953211043104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T05:44:34Z","timestamp":1632116674000},"page":"889-900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence, prevalence, and economic burden of sarcoidosis in Puerto Rico: Estimates from a government health insurance claims database"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8116-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Scharbaai-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond L","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17423953211043104","unstructured":"WebMD LLC. 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