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Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interviews and focus groups among professionals and service users. Feelings of safety were related to three main themes: (1) a physical environment that reduces risks and temptations; (2) a reliable, predictable, and supportive environment; and (3) an accepting environment that enables service users to establish a normal life. An analysis of which factors affect service users\u2019 sense of safety identified 20 themes (e.g. team climate) and 34 subthemes (e.g. interactions with other service users). Many of these factors were interconnected. 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