{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:40:18Z","timestamp":1792741218193,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intellect Disabil"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Societies are digitalizing services with a rapid speed. As a result, people, such as adults with disabilities, are at risk of being excluded if they lack appropriate digital skills and have few possibilities to get support in learning these skills. Peer tutoring is seen as an effective way to learn these skills according to research done on peer tutoring with older adults and immigrants, but there remains a gap in research with adults with intellectual disabilities and their preferences for digital skills learning. This article focuses on the experiences of Finnish adults with intellectual disabilities in digital skills peer tutoring courses they attended. The data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews via Teams with ten participants. The results indicate that digital skills training activities supported the peer-tutor trainees\u2019 learning, their skills to support others with technology use, and their social inclusion in Finland\u2019s digitalized society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17446295261499751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:45:59Z","timestamp":1792453559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Learning to become a tutor: Experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities in peer tutoring for digital skills"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4527-9709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotta","family":"Aavikko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9437-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaisa","family":"Pihlainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8107-3604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eija","family":"K\u00e4rn\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4t digiyhteiskunnassa \u2014 elinik\u00e4isen oppimisen mahdollisuudet [Ageing learners in the digital media society - the possibilities of lifelong learning]","author":"Aavikko L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aavikko L, Pihlainen K, K\u00e4rn\u00e4 E (2022) Ik\u00e4ihmisten digitaitojen vertaisopastusprosessi [Peer tutoring situation as a process] In: Korjonen-Kuusipuro K, Rasi-Heikkinen P, Vuoj\u00e4rvi H, Pihlainen K, K\u00e4rn\u00e4 E (eds) Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4t digiyhteiskunnassa \u2014 elinik\u00e4isen oppimisen mahdollisuudet [Ageing learners in the digital media society - the possibilities of lifelong learning] Helsinki; Gaudeamus, pp. 211-227."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819888398"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601277.2024.2370114"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17446295231210021"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629519831566"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16993\/sjdr.549"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0689"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12410"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07434610903561498"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2025.2458124"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20473869.2018.1439819"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bld.12500"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2014.921248"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","unstructured":"Digital and population data services agency DVV (2025) Digital support at the Digital and Population Data Services Agency. Available at: https:\/\/dvv.fi\/en\/digital-support-at-the-digital-and-population-data-services-agency (accessed 21 February 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poetic.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","volume-title":"The ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland - Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK guidelines 2019","author":"Finnish National Board on Research Integrity","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (2019) The ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland - Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK guidelines 2019. Helsinki, Finland: Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK Publications 3\/2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/2326-6988-9.4.263"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.33336\/aik.115553","article-title":"Toiseuden moninainen kokemus - Tutkimusrunous taistelevan vammaistutkimuksen menetelm\u00e4n\u00e4 [The multiple experience of otherness - Research poetry as a method of militant disability research]","volume":"42","author":"Foster R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foster R (2022) Toiseuden moninainen kokemus - Tutkimusrunous taistelevan vammaistutkimuksen menetelm\u00e4n\u00e4 [The multiple experience of otherness - Research poetry as a method of militant disability research]. Aikuiskasvatus 42(1).","journal-title":"Aikuiskasvatus"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"International conference on universal access in human-computer interaction","author":"Gj\u00f8s\u00e6ter T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gj\u00f8s\u00e6ter T, Radianti J, Chen W (2018) Universal design of ICT for emergency management. In: International conference on universal access in human-computer interaction, 2018, pp.63\u201374."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","article-title":"Digipalvelut eiv\u00e4t aukea kaikille [Digital services don\u2019t open for everyone]","volume":"55","author":"Gr\u00f6nstrand E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6nstrand E (2018) Digipalvelut eiv\u00e4t aukea kaikille [Digital services don\u2019t open for everyone]. Ketju-magazine 55(1). Available at: https:\/\/ketju-lehti.fi\/aiheet\/tekniikka\/digipalvelut-eivat-aukea-kaikille\/ (accessed 29 September 2026).","journal-title":"Ketju-magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-011-0224-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Usage of digital media by people with intellectual disabilities: Contrasting individuals' and formal caregivers' perspectives","author":"Heitplatz VN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heitplatz VN, B\u00fchler C, Hastall MR (2021) Usage of digital media by people with intellectual disabilities: Contrasting individuals' and formal caregivers' perspectives. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities: 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12931"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17998"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","volume-title":"Measuring digital development \u2013 Facts and figures 2023","author":"International Telecommunication Union (ITU)","year":"2023","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (2023) Measuring digital development \u2013 Facts and figures 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Education and Technology","author":"Irvan M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Irvan M, Mutmainah S, Jauhari MN (2021) The peer tutor method: Implementation in hybrid learning settings for students with disabilities. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2935334.2935380"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v11i3.6742"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","volume-title":"Arguing about Disability: Philosophical Perspectives","author":"Kristiansen K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kristiansen K, Vehmas S, Shakespeare T (eds) (2009) Arguing about Disability: Philosophical Perspectives. London: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","volume-title":"InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing","author":"Kvale S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kvale S, Brinkmann S (2009) InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2 ed). Los Angeles: Sage.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4t digiyhteiskunnassa \u2014 elinik\u00e4isen oppimisen mahdollisuudet","author":"K\u00e4rn\u00e4 E","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00e4rn\u00e4 E (2022) Vertaisopastustyylit ja oppimisteoreettiset piirteet [The peer-tutoring styles and learning theoretical aspects] In: Korjonen-Kuusipuro K, Rasi-Heikkinen P, Vuoj\u00e4rvi H, Pihlainen K, K\u00e4rn\u00e4 E (eds) Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4t digiyhteiskunnassa \u2014 elinik\u00e4isen oppimisen mahdollisuudet. Helsinki; Gaudeamus, pp.165\u2013188."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315714"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Haastattelu. Tutkimus, tilanteet ja vuorovaikutus","author":"Lumme-Sandt K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lumme-Sandt K (2005) Vanhan ihmisen kohtaaminen haastattelutilanteessa [Meeting an older person in an interview]. In: Ruusuvuori J, Tiittula L (eds) Haastattelu. Tutkimus, tilanteet ja vuorovaikutus. Tampere: Vastapaino, pp.125\u2013144."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17446295231176121"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bridging the digital divide for individuals with intellectual disabilities: Implications for well-being and inclusion","author":"Murphy E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Murphy E, Shiels O, Fiori S, McCausland D, Bergstr\u00f6m H, Koster R, Noorlandt H, Korfage I, Wall\u00e9n EF (2024) Bridging the digital divide for individuals with intellectual disabilities: Implications for well-being and inclusion. British Journal of Learning Disabilities: 1\u201315.","journal-title":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33336\/aik.88513"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01489.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02660830.2022.2133268"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02601370.2021.1919768"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629518784351"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12278"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17446295221146352"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_1","first-page":"78","volume-title":"Haastattelu. Tutkimus, tilanteet ja vuorovaikutus","author":"Rastas A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rastas A (2005) Kulttuurit ja erot haastattelutilanteessa [Cultures and differences in the interview situation]. In: Ruusuvuori J, Tiittula L (eds) Haastattelu. Tutkimus, tilanteet ja vuorovaikutus. Vastapaino; Tampere, pp.78\u2013102."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12537"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_1","volume-title":"Developing Media Literacy Geragogy for Older People through Design-based Research","author":"Rivinen S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rivinen S (2021) Developing Media Literacy Geragogy for Older People through Design-based Research. PhD thesis, University of Lapland, Finland."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bld.12521"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa098"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2017-1-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203640098"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446268322"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bld.12478"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2596695.2596714"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406917750945"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2024.2354898"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410500345172"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97931-1_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_1","volume-title":"Publications Office of the European Union","author":"Vuorikari R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vuorikari R, Kluzer S, Punie Y (2022) DigComp 2.2: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens - With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2022. Available at: https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/handle\/JRC128415 (accessed 12 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_1","volume-title":"Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes","author":"Vygotsky LS","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vygotsky LS (1978) Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/rusq.47n2.149"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17446295261499751","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17446295261499751","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17446295261499751","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:17:01Z","timestamp":1792739821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17446295261499751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17446295261499751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17446295261499751","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-6295","1744-6309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-6295","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-6309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"article-number":"17446295261499751"}}