{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:31:21Z","timestamp":1777944681516,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mol Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Muscle pain is a common condition in many diseases and is induced by muscle overuse. Muscle overuse induces an increase in uric acid, which stimulates the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR). This receptor contains the pyrin domain NLRP-3 inflammasome which when activated, results in the secretion of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2). The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of inflammasome activation via the elevation of uric acid level in nociception in a mouse model of muscle pain. The right hind leg muscles of BALB\/c mice were stimulated electrically to induce excessive muscle contraction. The left hind leg muscles were not stimulated as a control. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds, levels of uric acid, IL-1\u03b2, and NLRP3, caspase-1 activity, and the number of macrophages were investigated. Furthermore, the effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, such as Brilliant Blue G, caspase-1 inhibitor, and clodronate liposome, on pain were investigated. In the stimulated muscles, mechanical withdrawal thresholds decreased, and the levels of uric acid, NLRP3, and IL-1\u03b2, caspase-1 activity, and the number of macrophages increased compared to that in the non-stimulated muscles. Administration of the inhibitors attenuated hyperalgesia caused by excessive muscle contraction. These results suggested that IL-1\u03b2 secretion and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages produced mechanical hyperalgesia by elevating uric acid level, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors may potentially reduce over-exercised muscle pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806919858797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T08:35:51Z","timestamp":1559637351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Involvement of inflammasome activation via elevation of uric acid level in nociception in a mouse model of muscle pain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1110-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichirou","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 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