{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:38:20Z","timestamp":1790602700240,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD098193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD098193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK100368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK100368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mol Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although elevated estradiol levels facilitate chronic pelvic pain in animal models, it remains to be determined whether sex steroid levels are altered in a cross-section of women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and those at-risk for developing CPP. We sought to determine if sex steroid levels are increased in women with menstrual pain and whether those changes were more extreme in two groups of women with worsened pelvic pain profiles: a) dysmenorrhea plus evidence of bladder pain sensitivity and b) bladder pain syndrome. Serum samples were collected during the mid-luteal phase to measure estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin. We also compared quantitative sensory testing profiles to evaluate how sex steroid differences influence proposed pain sensitivity mechanisms. Women with combined dysmenorrhea and bladder sensitivity had higher estradiol concentrations than controls (487 [IQR 390 \u2013 641] vs 404 [336 \u2013 467] pmol\/L, p\u2009=\u20090.042). Bladder pain syndrome participants had greater sex hormone-binding globulin than controls (83 [71 \u2013 108] vs 55 [42 \u2013 76\u2009nmol\/L; p\u2009=\u20090.027). Levels of pain sensitivity and mood were different across the groups, but the only significant relationship to sex steroids was that sex hormone-binding globulin was correlated to somatic symptoms ( r\u2009=\u20090.26, p\u2009=\u20090.03). These findings show women potentially at-risk for CPP and women with diagnosed CPP exhibit altered circulating levels of sex steroids. Because these hormonal differences appear to be independent of mood or pain sensitivity, the role of sex steroids in the emergence of CPP may be via sensitization of visceral afferents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069211035217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T03:13:40Z","timestamp":1635131620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Circulating sex steroids and bladder pain sensitivity in dysmenorrhea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9420-5602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M","family":"Hellman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA"},{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folabomi A","family":"Oladosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA"},{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen F","family":"Garrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve E","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katlyn E","family":"Dillane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank F","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA"},{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572546"},{"key":"bibr2-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123729"},{"key":"bibr3-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.12.006"},{"key":"bibr4-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06577.x"},{"key":"bibr5-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.07.011"},{"key":"bibr6-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.01.046"},{"key":"bibr7-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35263-0"},{"key":"bibr8-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01012.2004"},{"key":"bibr9-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.10.007"},{"key":"bibr10-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00101"},{"key":"bibr11-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.10.017"},{"key":"bibr12-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.03.006"},{"key":"bibr13-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05923-7"},{"key":"bibr14-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.09.017"},{"key":"bibr15-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.05.001"},{"key":"bibr16-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590802306218"},{"key":"bibr17-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000340"},{"key":"bibr18-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.01.002"},{"key":"bibr19-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.10.003"},{"key":"bibr20-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2475-3"},{"key":"bibr21-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(76)90115-1"},{"key":"bibr22-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00359.x"},{"key":"bibr23-17448069211035217","first-page":"1988","volume":"83","author":"Seippel L","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr24-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200002000-00015"},{"key":"bibr25-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2018-0057"},{"key":"bibr26-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182432de6"},{"key":"bibr27-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001826"},{"key":"bibr28-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.12.010"},{"key":"bibr29-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"bibr30-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.038"},{"key":"bibr31-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.04.030"},{"key":"bibr32-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.01.086"},{"key":"bibr33-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827a71a3"},{"key":"bibr34-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125704"},{"key":"bibr35-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000258615.42478.55"},{"key":"bibr36-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017"},{"key":"bibr37-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80333-1"},{"key":"bibr38-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203"},{"key":"bibr39-17448069211035217","first-page":"1235","volume":"9","author":"Reed GF","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"bibr40-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"bibr41-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09720510.2012.10701623"},{"key":"bibr42-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"bibr43-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345608"},{"key":"bibr44-17448069211035217","first-page":"3976","volume":"82","author":"Andersson AM","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr45-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14245.x"},{"key":"bibr46-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1726"},{"key":"bibr47-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.4"},{"key":"bibr48-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.08.022"},{"key":"bibr49-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40750-014-0004-2"},{"key":"bibr50-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1457"},{"key":"bibr51-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.06.005"},{"key":"bibr52-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2157"},{"key":"bibr53-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(89)80006-X"},{"key":"bibr54-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555564517523","volume":"64","author":"Palatsi R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"bibr55-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S279253"},{"key":"bibr56-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199709000-00008"},{"key":"bibr57-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000210904.75472.63"},{"key":"bibr58-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000112"},{"key":"bibr59-17448069211035217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-3-232"}],"container-title":["Molecular Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17448069211035217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17448069211035217","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17448069211035217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:18:32Z","timestamp":1777709912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17448069211035217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17448069211035217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17448069211035217","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-8069","1744-8069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-8069","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-8069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"17448069211035217"}}