{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:33:11Z","timestamp":1785882791943,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mol Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chondromalacia, characterized by the softening of cartilage, is a prevalent condition affecting joint health with complex etiology. The immune system\u2019s role in its pathogenesis has been implicated but remains to be fully elucidated. To address a critical knowledge gap, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of 731 immune cell phenotypes, assessing parameters like fluorescence, cell count, and morphology. After sensitivity and pleiotropy checks, and applying a false discovery rate correction, our study linked 17 phenotypes to chondromalacia ( p &lt; .05). Among them, seven immune cell phenotypes were found to have a protective effect against chondromalacia (IVW: p &lt; .05, OR &lt;1), while 10 were considered risk factors (IVW: p &lt; .05, OR &gt;1). Despite the constraints of sample size and possible genetic differences among populations, our research has identified a notable genetic correlation between specific immune cell indicators and chondromalacia. This breakthrough sheds light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the condition. The identification of protective and risk-associated immune cell phenotypes provides a foundation for further exploration of immunological mechanisms in chondromalacia and may pave the way for targeted interventions. Future research is warranted to validate these findings and explore their clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069241289962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T11:02:01Z","timestamp":1727175721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics of immune cells and causal relationship with chondromalacia: A two-sample, bidirectional mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7550-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Knee Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province(Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, 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