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In recent years, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) have attracted attention as promising therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory, neuroregenerative, and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUC-MSC-Exos) in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. hUC-MSC-Exos were isolated via ultracentrifugation and administered to CCI rats. Behavioral tests demonstrated that hUC-MSC-Exos significantly ameliorated both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Further mechanistic investigations indicated that hUC-MSC-Exos downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6) and modulated astrocyte activation and polarization, thereby contributing to neuropathic pain relief. These findings elucidate the potential mechanisms through which hUC-MSC-Exos alleviate NP and provide an experimental foundation for their future clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069261417109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T11:19:52Z","timestamp":1767957592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in alleviating neuropathic pain in CCI rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9932-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenlong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Neuropathic pain","volume":"3","author":"Colloca L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colloca L, Ludman T, Bouhassira D, Baron R, Dickenson AH, Yarnitsky D, Freeman R, Truini A, Attal N, Finnerup NB, Eccleston C, Kalso E, Bennett DL, Dworkin RH, Raja SN. 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