{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:36:00Z","timestamp":1792899360314,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR082195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR082195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE014318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE014318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mol Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The most burdensome symptom of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs) is mechanically evoked pain. To identify the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neuronal subtypes mediating mechanical sensitivity, we combined whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology with immunohistochemistry (IHC) to characterize mouse TMJ-innervating TG neurons retrogradely labeled from the TMJ. Electrophysiological analysis identified five distinct neuronal groups, only one of which responded to piezo actuator-induced mechanical stimulation. TMJ innervation was dominated by C- and A-nociceptors, comprising four of the five identified groups. The fifth, a minor population of small-diameter neurons (S1), displayed properties consistent with either vGlut3-positive, C-low-threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs) or Sst-positive neurons. Two mechanically insensitive C-nociceptor groups, distinguished by their action potential firing patterns, likely corresponded to CGRP-positive and non-Mrgpr neuronal populations. One mechanically insensitive A-nociceptor group likely represented Smr2-positive A\u03b4 high-threshold mechanoreceptors (A\u03b4-HTMRs). The only mechanically responsive neurons were large-diameter A-nociceptors, which likely correspond to the weakly TrkC- expressing neuronal population. No recorded neurons displayed electrophysiological characteristics of classical A-LTMRs. Together, these findings demonstrate that the TMJ is innervated by a distinct repertoire of TG sensory neurons compared with the skin and masseter muscle, with mechanically responsive afferents restricted to a single A-nociceptor subtype rather than classical low-threshold mechanoreceptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069261499175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T09:46:22Z","timestamp":1792575982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Piezoelectric actuator-evoked mechano-gated currents in trigeminal neurons innervating the mouse temporomandibular joint"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jessie J.","family":"Alfaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health at San Antonio (UTHSA)"},{"name":"The School of Dentistry, UTHSA"},{"name":"The School of Medicine, UTHSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"RE-JOIN Consortium Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armen N.","family":"Akopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health at San Antonio (UTHSA)"},{"name":"The School of Dentistry, UTHSA"},{"name":"The School of Medicine, UTHSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","unstructured":"TMD and Jaw Pain. 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