{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:13:27Z","timestamp":1778908407530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000689","name":"Research Capacity Building Collaboration Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Research in Nursing"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing numbers of people are dying from liver disease, which often develops asymptomatically. A FibroScan is a portable, non-invasive device that measures liver stiffness via transient elastography to identify fibrosis associated with liver disease. A FibroScan can be used by nurses in outreach settings to make access easier for people from inclusion health populations at high risk of liver disease. However, there is limited research on individuals\u2019 perspectives of receiving a FibroScan in an outreach setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explored the perspectives of individuals accessing outreach services to identify liver fibrosis and subsequent cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken, utilising semi-structured interviews with people with Hepatitis C who received a FibroScan in an outreach setting (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Research Ethics Committee approval was gained.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, six themes were developed: historical experiences of healthcare, mental health and cognition, community integration, perceptions of the FibroScan, connection and health literacy and information seeking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FibroScan was perceived as accessible and acceptable, provision by nurses through outreach settings facilitated access to wider healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Contribution to nursing, theory and policy:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings will inform how health services plan future nurse-led outreach pathways for liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17449871261427295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T04:42:07Z","timestamp":1778474527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the perspectives of individuals accessing outreach services to identify liver fibrosis and cirrhosis: a qualitative descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7122-0582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Health Protection Nurse, Communicable Disease Inclusion Health Programme, Public Health Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis and Blood Borne Viruses Clinical Nurse Specialist, Swansea Bay University Health Board, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4592-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Baillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Principal Researcher \u2013 Public Health, Research and Development Department, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732316654870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide","author":"Braun V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V (2021) Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. London: SAGE Publications Ltd."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"British Liver Trust (2026) Liver disease in numbers \u2013 key facts and statistics. Available at: https:\/\/britishlivertrust.org.uk\/information-and-support\/statistics\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987120927206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19367244221141326"},{"issue":"100196","key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","article-title":"Stigmatization of people with addiction by health professionals: Current knowledge. A scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Cazalis A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cazalis A, Lambert L, Auriacombe M (2023) Stigmatization of people with addiction by health professionals: Current knowledge. A scoping review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports 9(100196). DOI: 10.1016\/j.dadr.2023.100196.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing Among 5 Approache","author":"Creswell J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Creswell J, Poth CN (2018) Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing Among 5 Approaches, 4th edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","volume-title":"Making Sense of Qualitative Data","author":"Coffey A","year":"1996","unstructured":"Coffey A, Atkinson P (1996) Making Sense of Qualitative Data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"Data Protection Act 2018 c. 12. Available at: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2018\/12\/contents\/enacted (accessed 18 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987119880234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01050.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00309-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Handbook of Qualitative Research","author":"Guba E","year":"1994","unstructured":"Guba E, Lincoln Y (1994) Competing paradigms in qualitative research, In: Denzin NK and Lincoln Y (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research. New York; Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 105\u2013117."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","unstructured":"Health Research Authority (2025) UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research. Available at: https:\/\/www.hra.nhs.uk\/planning-and-improving-research\/policies-standards-legislation\/uk-policy-framework-health-social-care-research\/ (accessed 18 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00144-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01177.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-12-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2021-101833"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03246.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2023a) Cirrhosis in over 16s: assessment and management. Available at: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng50\/chapter\/Recommendations (Accessed 18 January 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2023b) FibroScan for assessing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis outside secondary and specialist care. Available at: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/dg48 (accessed 22 December 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"NHS England (2023) A national framework for NHS \u2013 action on inclusion health. Available at: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/long-read\/a-national-framework-for-nhs-action-on-inclusion-health\/ (accessed 26 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"NHS England (2025) Inclusion health groups. Available at: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/about\/equality\/equality-hub\/national-healthcare-inequalities-improvement-programme\/what-are-healthcare-inequalities\/inclusion-health-groups\/ (accessed 18 August 2025)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17449871231159595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice","author":"Patton MQ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patton MQ (2015) Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice, 4th edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119410867.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"Public Health Wales (2024) Safeguarding Vulnerable Children and Adults Policies. Available at: https:\/\/phw.nhs.wales\/about-us\/policies-and-procedures\/policies-and-procedures-documents\/safeguarding-vulnerable-children-and-adults-policies\/ (Accessed 15 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-025-02755-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1271-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-BSG.367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2024.2365168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2022.2072842"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2021.30.14.866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","unstructured":"Welsh Government (2022a) The quality statement for liver disease. Wales: Welsh Government. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.wales\/quality-statement-liver-disease-html (accessed 18 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2025) Community outreach mental health services: Promoting person-centred and rights-based approaches. Available at: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/341644\/9789240025806-eng.pdf?sequence=1 Accessed 26.8.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2024) WMA Declaration of Helsinki \u2013 Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants. Available at: https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17948-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17449871261427295","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17449871261427295","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17449871261427295","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:42:30Z","timestamp":1778906550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17449871261427295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17449871261427295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17449871261427295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-9871","1744-988X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9871","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-988X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"article-number":"17449871261427295"}}