{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T08:04:19Z","timestamp":1778400259209,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although vitamin D is widely known as an essential micronutrient during pregnancy, the exact supplementation dose to prevent maternal\u2013fetal outcomes remains a question. This study aims to provide a systematic review and a meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trial on\u2009&gt;\u20092000\u2009IU\/day vitamin D supplementation compared to\u2009\u2a7d\u20092000\u2009IU\/day; and\u2009\u2a7d\u20092000\u2009IU\/day compared to placebo, on their effects on the incidence of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and differences on birth weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search on PubMed, EBSCO-MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was carried out to evaluate randomized controlled trial studies on the effects of oral vitamin D\u2009&gt;\u20092000\u2009IU\/day versus\u2009\u2a7d\u20092000\u2009IU\/day; and\u2009\u2a7d\u20092000\u2009IU\/day versus placebo, on preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth and birth weight. Risk ratio, mean difference, and 95% confidence interval were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were a total of 27 randomized controlled trials selected. Maternal vitamin D supplementation\u2009&gt;\u20092000\u2009IU\/day had a positive effect only on gestational diabetes mellitus (seven randomized controlled trials; risk ratio\u2009=\u20090.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.51\u20130.95, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090). Vitamin D supplementation\u2009\u2a7d\u20092000\u2009IU\/day has reduced the risk of preeclampsia (three randomized controlled trials; risk ratio\u2009=\u20090.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.09\u20130.95, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090), with no significant difference when compared to\u2009&gt;\u20092000\u2009IU\/day (eight randomized controlled trials; risk ratio\u2009=\u20090.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.51\u20131.24, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200931). No difference in preterm birth risk and birth weight after vitamin D supplementation. The quality of evidence varies from moderate to very low certainty. The risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus after high-dose versus low-dose vitamin D supplementation was the ones with moderate certainty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D supplementation\u2009&gt;\u20092000\u2009IU\/day might be important to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Lower dose vitamin D supplementation (\u2a7d\u20092000\u2009IU\/day) seemed adequate to reduce the risk of preeclampsia, with no significant difference compared to the higher dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057221111066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T09:04:13Z","timestamp":1657184653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vitamin D supplementation higher than 2000\u2009IU\/day compared to lower dose on maternal\u2013fetal outcome: Systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6260-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima","family":"Irwinda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8740-3918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabbania","family":"Hiksas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angga Wiratama","family":"Lokeswara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noroyono","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17455057221111066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003"},{"key":"bibr2-17455057221111066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030389"},{"key":"bibr3-17455057221111066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050640"},{"key":"bibr4-17455057221111066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2035"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr5-17455057221111066","first-page":"73","volume":"2019","author":"Palacios C","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr6-17455057221111066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00378.x"},{"key":"bibr7-17455057221111066","volume-title":"Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr8-17455057221111066","volume-title":"Guideline: vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr9-17455057221111066","unstructured":"National Health Services. 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