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Since the discovery of the expression of vitamin D receptor in ventricular cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and blood vessels, there has been a growing body of literature assessing the link between vitamin D status and cardiovascular health from one side, and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of cardiovascular diseases from the other side. In this review, we summarized studies highlighting the role of vitamin D on cardiovascular health, namely atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, and metabolic syndrome, a recognized significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Studies showed discrepancies between findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts and those from interventional trials, but also between one outcome and another. Cross-sectional studies found a strong association between low 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) and acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. These findings encouraged the promotion for vitamin D supplementation as a preventive measure for cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, namely in women. This fact, however, turned out into a myth with the results of large interventional trials that did not show any benefit from vitamin D supplementation in reducing ischemic events, heart failure or its outcomes, or hypertension. Although some clinical studies showed beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and metabolic syndrome, this effect was not consistent across all studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057231158222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T04:30:29Z","timestamp":1677904229000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health: Myth or Fact? 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