{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:24:02Z","timestamp":1793165042226,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that is a cause of morbidity and mortality. It can affect all ages but most frequently postmenopausal women. It is a silent condition, however, osteoporotic fractures can lead to significant pain and disability. In this review article, we aim to review the clinical approach to the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. We include risk assessment, investigations, and the various pharmacological and non-pharmacological options used in the treatment of osteoporosis. We have discussed the pharmacological options individually including their mechanism of action, safety profile, effects on bone mineral density and fracture risks, and duration of use. Potential new treatments are also discussed. The importance of sequence in the use of osteoporotic medicine is also highlighted in the article. An understanding of the different treatment options will hopefully help in the management of this very common and debilitating condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057231176655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T07:09:21Z","timestamp":1684825761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["An overview of the management of osteoporosis in the aging female population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1570-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usman","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Lady\u2019s Hospital, Manorhamilton, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoife","family":"McPartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Lady\u2019s Hospital, Manorhamilton, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Lady\u2019s Hospital, Manorhamilton, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2515-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmel","family":"Silke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Lady\u2019s Hospital, Manorhamilton, Ireland"},{"name":"National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90218-E"},{"key":"bibr2-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.260"},{"key":"bibr3-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00381-1"},{"key":"bibr4-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2016.048"},{"key":"bibr5-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50455.x"},{"key":"bibr6-17455057231176655","unstructured":"European Commission. Report on osteoporosis in the European Community: action for prevention: employment and social affairs, 1998, https:\/\/www.osteoporosis.foundation\/sites\/iofbonehealth\/files\/2019-06\/1998_EU_Report_ActionForPrevention_English.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-17455057231176655","unstructured":"International Osteoporosis Foundation. Key statistics for Europe: epidemiology, burden and treatment of osteoporosis for 29 European countries (2021), https:\/\/www.osteoporosis.foundation\/facts-statistics\/key-statistic-for-europe"},{"key":"bibr8-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2032-8"},{"key":"bibr9-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2006.08.003"},{"key":"bibr10-17455057231176655","volume-title":"Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the surgeon general","author":"Office of the Surgeon General (US)","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr11-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90025-5"},{"key":"bibr12-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S138000"},{"key":"bibr13-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1627-9"},{"key":"bibr14-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90021-8"},{"key":"bibr15-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70008-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr16-17455057231176655","first-page":"85","volume":"39","author":"Sheu A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust Prescrib"},{"key":"bibr17-17455057231176655","volume-title":"An overview of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","author":"Ilias I","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr18-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0118"},{"key":"bibr19-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1452-x"},{"key":"bibr20-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-06251-4"},{"key":"bibr21-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050172"},{"key":"bibr22-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-11-919"},{"key":"bibr23-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(88)90006-2"},{"key":"bibr24-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110716"},{"key":"bibr25-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0613-0"},{"key":"bibr26-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.7.1237"},{"key":"bibr27-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1964-3"},{"key":"bibr28-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00827-z"},{"key":"bibr29-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0510-0"},{"key":"bibr30-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090402"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr31-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2005.20.8.1486","volume":"20","author":"Van Staa TP","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"bibr32-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070064"},{"key":"bibr33-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00919"},{"key":"bibr34-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-010-9138-0"},{"key":"bibr35-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-2730000003039"},{"key":"bibr36-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr37-17455057231176655","first-page":"e21028","volume":"14","author":"Nolan P","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr38-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302010000200013"},{"key":"bibr39-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4447-3"},{"key":"bibr40-17455057231176655","unstructured":"International Osteoporosis Foundation. Calcium recommendations, https:\/\/www.osteoporosis.foundation\/educational-hub\/topic\/calcium\/calcium-recommendations"},{"key":"bibr41-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1743"},{"key":"bibr42-17455057231176655","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org\/patients\/treatment\/calciumvitamin-d\/get-the-facts-on-calcium-and-vitamin (accessed September 2022)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr43-17455057231176655","first-page":"58","volume":"16","author":"Lappe JM","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Evid Based Integr Med"},{"key":"bibr44-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10041"},{"key":"bibr45-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2018.06.007"},{"key":"bibr46-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2021.000021"},{"key":"bibr47-17455057231176655","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.medsafe.govt.nz\/profs\/puarticles\/ONJNZMJ.htm (accessed September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr48-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2017.24.1.37"},{"key":"bibr49-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000363236.41902.96"},{"key":"bibr50-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00325"},{"key":"bibr51-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2525"},{"key":"bibr52-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30138-9"},{"key":"bibr53-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-330X.119895"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr54-17455057231176655","first-page":"e4768","volume":"11","author":"Kalayanamitra R","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr55-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-016-0543-y"},{"key":"bibr56-17455057231176655","unstructured":"EndNote 2022, https:\/\/ectsoc.org\/a-position-statement-by-ects-on-discontinuation-of-denosumab-therapy-for-osteoporosis-by-carola-zillikens"},{"key":"bibr57-17455057231176655","first-page":"1437","volume":"9","author":"Martinkovich S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"bibr58-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.11885"},{"key":"bibr59-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.637"},{"key":"bibr60-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062462"},{"key":"bibr61-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110243251701"},{"key":"bibr62-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.13.1729"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr63-17455057231176655","first-page":"801","volume":"34","author":"Silva BC","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"bibr64-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.15.1762"},{"key":"bibr65-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24879"},{"key":"bibr66-17455057231176655","unstructured":"EndNote: capture reference tool, 2022, https:\/\/support.clarivate.com\/Endnote\/s\/article\/EndNote-Capture-Reference-Tool?language=en_US (accessed 29 July 2022)."},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr67-17455057231176655","first-page":"e1300","volume":"9","author":"Tella SH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr68-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-018-0450-0"},{"key":"bibr69-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1594772"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr70-17455057231176655","first-page":"195","volume":"378","author":"Saag KG","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"bibr71-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607948"},{"key":"bibr72-17455057231176655","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/european-commission-approves-evenity-romosozumab-for-the-treatment-of-severe-osteoporosis-in-postmenopausal-women-at-high-risk-of-fracture-300973794.html (accessed 5 August 2022)."},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr73-17455057231176655","first-page":"799","volume":"12","author":"Lewiecki EM","year":"2009","journal-title":"IDrugs"},{"key":"bibr74-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y"},{"key":"bibr75-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1958-1"},{"key":"bibr76-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3051"},{"key":"bibr77-17455057231176655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-014-0237-9"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057231176655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17455057231176655","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057231176655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:26:06Z","timestamp":1777710366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17455057231176655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17455057231176655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057231176655","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"17455057231176655"}}