{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:34:02Z","timestamp":1777944842376,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NEI P30-EY026877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEI P30-EY026877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although women remain historically underrepresented in medical achievement awards, gender distribution of award recipients in ophthalmology in Canada remain to be explored based on research productivity metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the gender distribution of award recipients among the main Canadian national ophthalmological societies and subspecialty affiliates based on research productivity, graduate degrees, affiliated institution, and award type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Award recipients were selected from the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS), Canadian Association of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (CAPOS); Canadian Cornea, External Disease, and Refractive Surgery Society (CCEDRSS); Canadian Council of Ophthalmology Residents (CCOR) Research Proposal Award; and Canadian Glaucoma Society (CGS). The recipients\u2019 gender was determined by web search for the gender-specific pronoun, profile photograph check, or using Gender-API. Outcomes included gender distribution of recipients per award, society, year, and training level and differences in research productivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen special awards were given to 255 recipients (215 individuals) from 1995 to 2022. In total, 31% of recipients were women, the majority being from Canada. Women had a significantly lower median h-index (2.0 (0\u201362) women versus 4.0 (0\u201381) men, p\u2009=\u20090.001) and number of published documents (3.0 (0\u2013213) women versus 8.0 (0\u2013447) men, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). On stratified analyses by type of award (research or lifetime achievement) and level of training (trainee or ophthalmologist), significant differences were found for mean h-index and number of publications for awardees within the research category ( p\u2009=\u20090.01 and p\u2009=\u20090.02, respectively) and trainee level ( p\u2009=\u20090.01 and p\u2009=\u20090.02, respectively). Overall, women\u2019s proportion rates in awards did not reach parity in 27 out of the 28\u2009years analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women were confirmed to be historically minored in proportion among the prominent society awards in Canada, with attested research disparity possibly explaining some of this bias. These findings require further confirmation in larger cohorts accounting for additional educational, institutional, and provincial factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057231219613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T02:00:20Z","timestamp":1703210420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender and research productivity of award recipients among Canadian national ophthalmology and affiliate subspecialty societies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Xuan-Lan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Golnaz","family":"Zahedi-Niaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0402-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Lando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Ocular Oncology Service, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy ML","family":"Hutnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert Y","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17455057231219613","unstructured":"Canadian Ophthalmological Society. 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