{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:36:46Z","timestamp":1790303806078,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum hemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal mortality especially in developing countries. The majority of previous trials on the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss were performed in low-risk women for postpartum hemorrhage. A recent Cochrane Systematic Review recommended that further research was needed to determine the effects of prophylactic tranexamic acid for preventing intraoperative blood loss in women at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative blood loss when given prior to cesarean delivery in women at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study consisted of 200 term pregnant women and high-risk preterm pregnancies scheduled for lower-segment cesarean delivery at Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria. The participants were randomized into two arms (intravenous 1\u2009g of tranexamic acid or placebo) in a ratio of 1:1. The participants received either 1\u2009g of tranexamic acid or placebo (20\u2009mL of normal saline) intravenously at least 10\u2009min prior to commencement of the surgery. The primary outcome measures were the mean intraoperative blood loss and hematocrit change 48\u2009h postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The baseline sociodemographic characteristics were similar in both groups. The tranexamic acid group when compared to the placebo group showed significantly lower mean blood loss (442.94\u2009\u00b1\u2009200.97 versus 801.28\u2009\u00b1\u2009258.68\u2009mL; p\u2009=\u20090.001), higher mean postoperative hemoglobin (10.39\u2009+\u20090.96 versus 9.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.86\u2009g\/dL; p\u2009=\u20090.001), lower incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (1.0% versus 19.0%; p\u2009=\u20090.001), and lower need for use of additional uterotonic agents after routine management of the third stage of labor (39.0% versus 68.0%; p\u2009=\u20090.001), respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the mean preoperative hemoglobin (11.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.88 versus 11.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.90\u2009g\/dL; p\u2009=\u20090.457), need for other surgical intervention for postpartum hemorrhage (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), and reported side effect, respectively, between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid significantly decreases postpartum blood loss, improves postpartum hemoglobin, decreases the need for additional uterotonics, and prevents postpartum hemorrhage following cesarean section in pregnant women at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Its routine use during cesarean section in high-risk women may be encouraged. The trial was registered in the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry with approval number PACTR202107872851363.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057231225311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T07:51:50Z","timestamp":1706341910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prophylactic tranexamic acid for reducing intraoperative blood loss during cesarean section in women at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage: A double-blind placebo randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kelvin E","family":"Ortuanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0390-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George U","family":"Eleje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank O","family":"Ezugwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boniface U","family":"Odugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph I","family":"Ikechebelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel O","family":"Ugwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahizechukwu C","family":"Eke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick I","family":"Awkadigwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malachy N","family":"Ezenwaeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifeanyichukwu J","family":"Ofor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chidinma C","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4458-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chigozie G","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17455057231225311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101049"},{"key":"bibr2-17455057231225311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04530-4"},{"key":"bibr3-17455057231225311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207419"},{"key":"bibr4-17455057231225311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002253"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr5-17455057231225311","first-page":"329","volume":"16","author":"Franchini M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"bibr6-17455057231225311","volume":"6","author":"Novikova N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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