{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:08:28Z","timestamp":1780096108612,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000925","name":"John Templeton Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is an increasing emphasis on promoting women\u2019s autonomy in reproductive decision-making, particularly given global efforts to increase contraceptive access and uptake. Scales to quantify autonomy have inconsistently included the effect of external influences and focused primarily on influences of partners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to gain greater depth in understanding how influences including and beyond a woman\u2019s partner affect her contraceptive decision-making, as well as how external influences can overlap and further complicate contraceptive decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A phenomenological, qualitative study in which in-depth interviews were conducted in three phases from May 2021 to February 2022 with women living in northwest Tanzania who had varying histories of contraceptive use or non-use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-on-one, in-depth interviews were conducted in Swahili, the national language of Tanzania, by trained female interviewers. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and independently coded by three investigators. Analysis was conducted using NVivo. The codes developed from the transcripts were grouped into overarching themes with supporting illustrative quotes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 72 women were interviewed. Partners were the most influential in women\u2019s family planning decision-making, followed by friends, relatives, community religious leaders, and healthcare providers. Out of the 52 women with a partner who had ever used family planning, 76.9% had discussed their desire to use family planning with their partner and nearly all reported strong pressures to use or not to use family planning from partners, family, and friends. Rarely, participants stated that they were devoid of any influence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In rural Tanzania, women\u2019s decision-making about family planning was highly impacted by external influences, including not only partners but also family, friends, and community. Indicators of women\u2019s reproductive autonomy and measurements of interventions to promote contraceptive use should incorporate measures of these external influences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057241259173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T07:10:10Z","timestamp":1717744210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["\u201cIf I chose to listen to people, I possibly wouldn\u2019t be using family planning\u201d: Impact of external influences on women\u2019s contraceptive autonomy in rural Northwest Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1249-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valencia J","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneth","family":"Nzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Mukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neema","family":"Kachembeho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheridan","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel E","family":"Kalluvya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agrey H","family":"Mwakisole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Christian College, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, 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