{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:08:32Z","timestamp":1793232512696,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006034","name":"university of southern california","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abdominal pain due to menses (primary dysmenorrhea) is an extremely pervasive and debilitating symptom affecting up to 90% of menstruating individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective of this randomized control trial was to investigate the effect of a commercial transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit, Therabody PowerDot\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (Therabody Inc., Los Angeles) on dysmenorrhea compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a randomized cross-over study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 47 participants agreed to participate in the study, with 34 completing it. Participants completed treatments across three consecutive menstrual cycles in randomized order: single-unit transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Uno), dual unit transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Duo), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (Control). Upon onset of dysmenorrhea, participants applied transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to their abdomen for a minimum of 30 min. Control participants were instructed to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as needed. Surveys were used to record pain before and after treatment. We hypothesized that the PowerDot would decrease self-reported pain scores, and decrease non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption during menses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants experienced a statistically and clinically significant reduction in pain during the Control (\u22123.52\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9), Uno (\u22122.10\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6), and Duo (\u22122.19\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7) cycles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs consumed during the Control cycle (3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6), was significantly different as compared with that of Uno (1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0), or Duo (1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of a commercial transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit results in significant decrease in pain. Although not as robust as the relief in pain induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the adverse events of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are minimal in comparison. Therefore, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation appears to be a viable alternative to pain relief from dysmenorrhea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT05178589<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057241266455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T03:26:16Z","timestamp":1722050776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The role of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for menstrual pain relief: A randomized control trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1055-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bailey","family":"McLagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Dexheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Styku LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Strock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therabody, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayna","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Erceg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E Todd","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S220523"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-012-9223-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026186"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"Ghlichloo I Gerriets V. 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