{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:22:00Z","timestamp":1791976920319,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sigma Theta Tau Rho Chapter"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005993","name":"Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005993","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global public health problem. While research exists on GBV and associated help-seeking behaviors among university students, few studies have assessed the prevalence of GBV, including experiences and barriers to help-seeking, within sub-Saharan African university settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of GBV victimization among university students in six sub-Saharan African countries and describe experiences of formal and informal help-seeking among students who self-identified as victims of GBV since attending university.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online, cross-sectional survey study was administered to university students from July to October 2023 at nine participating universities in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive statistics were used to describe types of violence experienced among students ( N\u2009=\u20092249). Bivariate analyses ( t-tests, chi-square) and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine demographic factors associated with formal and informal help-seeking behavior among a sub-sample of GBV victims ( n\u2009=\u2009298).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 2249 sample of students, the prevalence of physical violence was 30.9%, 18.7% for sexual violence, 64.9% for psychological violence, and 63.7% for stalking. Among a sub-sample of GBV victims ( n\u2009=\u2009298), most (78.2%) sought informal help from friends, partners, or family members and less than one-third (29.5%) sought help from formal sources (e.g., university administrators, police). Logistic regression results indicated that university country was associated with formal help-seeking; that is, students in Ghana and Rwanda were over twice as likely to seek formal help than students in Nigeria (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20092.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38\u20134.85, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01; OR\u2009=\u20092.62, 95% CI: 1.20\u20135.71, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). While differences by gender were noted in formal help-seeking behavior at the bivariate level, gender was not associated with formal help-seeking after adjusting for GBV training and other demographics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GBV is a significant public health issue among university students in sub-Saharan Africa. University policies and prevention programs are needed to reduce GBV and increase the capacity of formal sources to effectively respond to GBV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057241307519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T07:39:01Z","timestamp":1734766741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence of gender-based violence and factors associated with help-seeking among university students in sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9657-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Owusu-Antwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Fedina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jose Baeza","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Escuela de Enfermeria, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristie","family":"Khatibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Bosomtwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Nsereko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1706-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatobiloba","family":"Shadare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Office of Research, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8652-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akanni","family":"Akinyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Demography and Social Statistics Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moreoagae Bertha","family":"Randa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5421-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abiola A","family":"Afolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Munro-Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17455057241307519","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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