{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:50:56Z","timestamp":1780393856180,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum is a period of physiological and psychological adaptations among women. This period may negatively impact the mother\u2019s life quality, mother-to-baby relationship, and family dynamics because of some psychological issues (e.g., postpartum blues (PPB) or postpartum depression (PPD)) they are experiencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of nursing interventions based on Ratu\u2019s model for preventing PPB and PPD among primiparous women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A treatment-control design included 120 primiparous women attending a university hospital\u2019s Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Department.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used five validated self-report scales (Maternal Attitudes Questionnaire, Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Kennerley\u2019s Blues Questionnaire) to collect data from December 2022 to October 2023. The control group received routine postpartum care (e.g., dietary guidance, maternal, and newborn care). The study group received routine postpartum care and educational intervention based on Ratu\u2019s model. The intervention was conducted for three sessions (every 9\u2009days for 50\u201360\u2009min) within 27\u2009days. Both groups answered all questionnaires using the same tools before and after the study. Fisher\u2019s exact test, paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, and logistic regression were used for data analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The nursing intervention based on Ratu\u2019s model demonstrated significant differences between the two groups relative to the stimulus of pregnant women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), coping mechanism (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), behavioral response (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and social support (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Results showed that 91.7% (study) and 56.6% (control) reported without PPD after the intervention, depicting a significant difference between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Finally, participants\u2019 age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.002), educational level (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0031), social support (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and pregnancy outcome (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) were associated with lower PPB and PPD incidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses, midwives, and other healthcare professionals working with pregnant and postpartum women may utilize the nursing intervention program based on Ratu\u2019s model to prevent or minimize PPB and PPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251323155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T13:59:16Z","timestamp":1742306356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of nursing intervention based on Ratu\u2019s model for preventing postpartum blues and depression among primiparous women: A treatment-control design"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Amal Hashem","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"},{"name":"Nursing Department, North Private College of Nursing, Arar City, Northern Borders, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randa Mohamed","family":"Abobaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, North Private College of Nursing, Arar City, Northern Borders, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ibrahim Touni","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan"},{"name":"Community Health Nursing, Minia University Hospitals, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mousa","family":"AlHseinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, University College of Umulj, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howayda Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, North Private College of Nursing, Arar City, Northern Borders, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radwa Ahmed Abdel","family":"Razek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrhman","family":"Albougami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Administration, College of Nursing, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Joseph E.","family":"Berdida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, North Private College of Nursing, Arar City, Northern Borders, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah Ramdah Ibrahim","family":"Elrefaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Mental Health, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Benha University, Banha, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Maternal mental health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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