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While many have healthy pregnancies, they face higher risks and trade-offs in health, function, and independence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the literature on pregnancy in women with physical disabilities to guide interventions and clinical care guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abstracts were reviewed if they were original research on pregnancy involving adult women with physical disabilities. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included, with no restrictions on language or publication year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sources of evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete and reference lists of eligible articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Charting methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abstracts were eligible for full-text review if they were (1) original research, (2) in humans, (3) about pregnancy, and (4) involved adult women with physical disabilities. Data were extracted by independent reviewers using Covidence software and assessed with a customized critical appraisal guide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five major topics characterized 171 reviewed articles: (1) rates of pregnancy, fertility, and termination or loss; (2) pregnancy complications and infant outcomes; (3) effects of pregnancy on physical function disease activity; (4) maternal care; and (5) social and interpersonal dimensions of pregnancy. Most studies were conducted in the Americas and Europe, and high-income countries used a quantitative design and were assessed to have a moderate risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights the need for future research to (1) build a stronger evidence base for tailored maternal care, (2) examine disability discrimination\u2019s impact on pregnancy outcomes, (3) develop interventions to reduce disability-related inequities, and (4) improve disability competence among maternal care providers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251338424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T15:07:16Z","timestamp":1748272036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pregnancy and physical disability: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6652-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire Z.","family":"Kalpakjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukonde","family":"Mulenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannen M.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi M.","family":"Kreschmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Parten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Haapala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Langen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A. 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