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While the disease affects both men and women, emerging evidence suggests that sex differences may influence the clinical presentation, progression, and response to treatment in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients. Based on our experience, women are diagnosed earlier and often experience more symptoms like chronic pain and microhematuria. However, disease progression tends to be slower. Hormonal therapy, controversial due to its impact on cyst growth, is important for contraception and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and menopause. Copper intrauterine devices are the safest contraceptive option, while progestin-only methods are recommended for those who cannot take estrogen. This review aims to explore the implications of gender differences in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, highlighting the need for personalized approaches to diagnosis, monitoring, and management. Emphasizing the integration of gender-based insights into clinical practice could ultimately lead to more tailored therapeutic strategies, improving patient outcomes in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251345944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T07:17:00Z","timestamp":1752909420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Empowering women at the heart of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Addressing unique challenges gender-sensitive approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Micaela","family":"Petrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OU Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2235-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Tunesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7475-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Catania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Gerosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Farinone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana Italia De","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristiana","family":"Kola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo Brambilla","family":"Pisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OU Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Maiucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OU Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Manunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"OU Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4481-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vezzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"OU Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6322-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa Sciarrone","family":"Alibrandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OU Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6358624"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"559","article-title":"Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association","volume":"266","author":"Gender disparities in clinical decision making","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gender disparities in clinical decision making. 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