{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:18Z","timestamp":1792800018871,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shiraz University post graduate student","award":["grant (number: 0GCB5M1899)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant (number: 0GCB5M1899)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028qtbk54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is associated with decreased physical performance, especially in older individuals. Some studies have examined the impact of exercise on obesity outcomes as part of a palliative care program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This parallel-group randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of water-based aerobic exercise training and vitamin D3 supplementation on body mass index (BMI) and physical performance in postmenopausal women who were overweight or obese and had insufficient or deficient levels of serum vitamin D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty women were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Water-based training\u2009+\u2009vitamin D (WTD), water-based training (WT), vitamin D (D), and control. The training program (aerobic-based exercise) and vitamin D3 supplementation were conducted for 8\u2009weeks, three times a week. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The WTD group showed significant improvement in BMI, handgrip strength, and gait speed compared to all other groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), and significant enhancements in right and left leg static balance and gait speed compared to the D and control groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The WT group demonstrated improvements in handgrip strength compared to the control group and enhancements in right and left leg static balance and gait speed compared to the D and control groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Vitamin D3 supplementation improved handgrip strength compared to the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Water-based training with or without vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improved physical fitness indices, with combination showing the most pronounced effects. Vitamin D3 supplementation alone did not have a significant impact on most physical fitness measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251361255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:16:56Z","timestamp":1753870616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Foroozandeh","family":"Zaravar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Sciences Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golamhossein","family":"Tamaddon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadamin","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Zaravar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam Koushkie","family":"Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182565740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1494972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16428"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"186","article-title":"Changes in muscle mass and strength after menopause","volume":"9","author":"Maltais M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maltais M, Desroches J, Dionne IJ. Changes in muscle mass and strength after menopause. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2009; 9(4): 186\u2013197.","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5410253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0952-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181a0e091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01123-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.07.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vitamin-D supplementation on osteocalcine and alkaline pphosphatase in rats poisoned with H2O2","volume":"14","author":"Shariati M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shariati M, Azarbayjani MA, Zilaei Bouri S, et al The effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vitamin-D supplementation on osteocalcine and alkaline pphosphatase in rats poisoned with H2O2. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2019; 14(2): 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100586"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0553-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2018.03.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"951","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and exercise for improving physical function, body composition and metabolic health in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Mesinovic J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mesinovic J, Rodriguez AJ, Cervo MM, et al Vitamin D supplementation and exercise for improving physical function, body composition and metabolic health in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62(2): 951\u2013964.","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2024.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.18-60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2022.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014619"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"2687","article-title":"Investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on maternal serum 25 (OH) D levels","volume":"9","author":"Moudi Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moudi Z, Ayati Z, Ansari H, et al Investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on maternal serum 25 (OH) D levels. J Midwifery Reprod Health 2021; 9(2): 2687\u20132696.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Reprod Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.16909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_116_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.904924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01818-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-13-127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11070928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030938"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of measurements of hand-grip strength obtained by dynamometry from older adults: a systematic review of research in the PubMed Database","volume":"6","author":"Bohannon R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bohannon R. Test-retest reliability of measurements of hand-grip strength obtained by dynamometry from older adults: a systematic review of research in the PubMed Database. J Frailty Aging 2017; 6(2): 83\u201387.","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.2346170.085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01690-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.19829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57121344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.08.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62004\/kpc.v2i3.32"},{"issue":"348","key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","first-page":"1391","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of water-versus land-based exercise therapy in the balance and quality of life of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Sadeghi E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadeghi E, Sharifi G-R, Chitsaz A, et al Evaluating the effect of water-versus land-based exercise therapy in the balance and quality of life of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Isfahan Med School 2015; 33(348): 1391\u20131402.","journal-title":"J Isfahan Med School"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01702-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-021-00577-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02100-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00067.2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Contribution of muscle weakness to postural instability in the elderly","volume":"46","author":"Orr R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Orr R. Contribution of muscle weakness to postural instability in the elderly. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2010; 46(2): 183\u2013220.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3686-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2024.100401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2023.101766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-018-0443-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12717"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217749494"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Characteristics of resting energy expenditure and evaluation of prediction formulas in young men with different body mass indexes","volume":"56","author":"Wu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Y, Yu Y, Xie L, et al Characteristics of resting energy expenditure and evaluation of prediction formulas in young men with different body mass indexes. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 56(2): 247\u2013252.","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-021-00433-1"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057251361255","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17455057251361255","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057251361255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:29:33Z","timestamp":1777710573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17455057251361255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17455057251361255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057251361255","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"article-number":"17455057251361255"}}