{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:35:24Z","timestamp":1777944924679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the biggest health challenges facing the world, with approximately 39\u2009million people reported to be living with the virus. Despite low prevalence rates in the Middle East and North Africa region, Jordan faces a growing trend of new infections driven by factors such as refugees, migration, and socioeconomic status. Premarital examination is a requirement for Jordanian couples to get married and would play a role in sexually transmitted disease (STD) awareness and prevention, including HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of premarital examinations on HIV knowledge, attitudes, and stigma in ever-married women aged 15\u201349 in Jordan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were retrieved from the most recent Jordan Population and Family Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of health dynamics. Premarital examinations and comprehensive HIV knowledge were assessed by survey modules covering history of premarital examination and tests performed and respondents\u2019 understanding of HIV transmission and prevention. Participants were categorized based on their responses to five key statements about HIV\/AIDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, there were 14,689 respondents. The mean age (\u00b1SD) of the participants was 34.5 (\u00b18.5) years. Most of them (92%) were currently married. More than half of the respondents underwent premarital medical checkups. However, discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV were high among respondents. Only 8.7% of the respondents showed adequate comprehensive HIV knowledge; their level of understanding regarding modes of transmission and misconceptions about prevention also varied. The adjusted model showed that there was no significant difference in HIV knowledge between those who had a premarital exam and those who had not. However, higher education levels were associated with better HIV knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicate that the level of HIV knowledge among Jordanian women is poor and was not associated with undergoing premarital examination and counseling. This suggests redesigning the mandatory premarital examination and counseling to have stronger STDs and HIV awareness and prevention components. This change may improve knowledge and encourage safer health behaviors, thus helping to combat stigma and misinformed views about HIV in Jordan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251375825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T13:28:32Z","timestamp":1759066112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Premarital examination and counseling: Impact on HIV knowledge among Jordanian women\u2014A national survey analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Samar","family":"Fares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8308-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhel F.","family":"Batarseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-4441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. HIV and AIDS https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hiv-aids (2024 accessed 11 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"The urgency of now: AIDS at a crossroads. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Rahhal A. Evaluation of HIV\/AIDS activities in Jordan https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/documents\/download\/67753 (2018 accessed July 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"World Bank. Preventing HIV\/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa https:\/\/xny.io\/bank\/INTMENA\/Resources\/Preventing_HIV__Regional (2005 accessed 11 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62906-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS statistics: Fact sheet. https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet (n.d. accessed 11 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Department of Statistics\/Jordan ICF. Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18. Amman: Department of Statistics\/Jordan and ICF http:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR346\/FR346.pdf (2019 accessed 11 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"ICF & Department of Statistics\/Jordan. Jordan DHS 2017-18 final report [DHS final report]. Amman Jordan: Department of Statistics\/Jordan and ICF https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-fr346-dhs-final-reports.cfm (2019 accessed 11 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.0528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMHSC-06-2021-0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Protecting the privacy of DHS survey respondents. https:\/\/www.dhsprogram.com\/methodology\/Protecting-the-Privacy-of-DHS-Survey-Respondents.cfm (accessed 11 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.35000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18105-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S296221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-024-00596-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277178"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057251375825","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17455057251375825","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057251375825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:29:44Z","timestamp":1777710584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17455057251375825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17455057251375825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057251375825","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"article-number":"17455057251375825"}}