{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:34:42Z","timestamp":1777944882119,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression has been a persistent public health issue. Less is known about the severity of depressive symptoms among certain populations (i.e., intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed the factors associated with severity of depressive symptoms among women IPV survivors of Lesotho.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional design was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009754) of women IPV survivors was extracted from the 2023 to 2024 Lesotho\u2019s Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome variable was severity of depressive symptoms, a dummy variable (i.e., no to minimal depression vs mild to severe depression). The severity of depressive symptoms was calculated based on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), that assessed symptoms such as having had little interest, hopelessness, sleep or appetite problems, and suicidal thoughts in the past 2\u2009weeks. The exposure variables were different types of IPV. We included sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, education, wealth index quintile, employment, urban\/rural), household compositions (i.e., gender, relationship to head of household, number of children), and other covariates (i.e., chronic diseases, witnessing father\u2019s physical abuse toward the respondents\u2019 mothers, access to healthcare). Descriptive analysis and Pearson chi-squared test of independence were performed. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to predict severity of depressive symptoms among the sample population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      About 34.85% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009252) of sample experienced mild to severe depressive symptoms. The binary logistic regression results showed that the emotional IPV survivors (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u2009=\u20091.76), sexual IPV survivors (aOR\u2009=\u20091.70), those from the poorer wealth quintile (aOR\u2009=\u20092.04), those who had chronic diseases (aOR\u2009=\u20091.79), and those who reported \u201cbig problem accessing healthcare\u201d (aOR\u2009=\u20091.88) had higher odds of reporting mild to severe depressive symptoms compared to the reference categories. All\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values &lt;0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that urgent attention is needed to address mild to severe depressive symptoms, especially among poor women IPV survivors with chronic diseases and those who may face challenges in accessing healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251387843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T07:25:15Z","timestamp":1763623515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with severity of depression among women intimate partner violence survivors in Lesotho: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4280-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wah Wah","family":"Myint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1782-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aishatu","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8354-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elfreda","family":"Samman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5420-1371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather R.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Transforming mental health for all","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 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