{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T15:02:36Z","timestamp":1793804556861,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["481405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["481405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The period surrounding birth is a crucial and determining time for many women, particularly for those who give birth to a child with albinism (CWA) due to the stigma, discrimination, and threat to safety they immediately encounter, altering their life trajectory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesize existing evidence on the human rights surrounding the birth of a baby with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an integrative review through a critical participatory approach. Our review question was; What are the experiences surrounding the birth of a CWA for the mother and father and their carers in sub-Saharan Africa?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study included 35 academic and 47 gray literature articles and reports (for a total of 82 sources) from 9 academic databases and hand searches with relevant sources. We employed a convergent integrated approach to data synthesis and thematic analysis methods.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Our study included 82 academic and gray literature articles and reports from 9 academic databases and hand searches with relevant sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Drawing on African-based perspectives, together with strengths-based, trauma- and violence-informed care, we analyzed the complex lived experiences of mothers who have given birth to a CWA and explored potential sites for transformative change. We identified four themes: (1)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Immediate Experiences: The Life-Defining Moment of Birth<\/jats:italic>\n                      synthesized the experiences and responses of mothers, families, communities, and health providers to a birth to a baby with albinism; (2)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Violent Response to the Birth of a Baby with Albinism<\/jats:italic>\n                      depicted the obstetrical violence, symbolic violence of stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion, gendered and sexualized violence, and violence against the baby with albinism; (3)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mediating Sites of Structural Violence and Protective Factors<\/jats:italic>\n                      revealed the multiple and interlocking structural sites that deepen the violence shaping the birth experience; and (4)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">State as Duty Bearer: Human Rights Obligations and the Policy Determinants of Health<\/jats:italic>\n                      spotlighted the gaps of and recommendations to the States as duty bearers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our review revealed not only a matrix of structural violence that characterizes the experience of mothers but also protective factors that become visible with a strengths-based framing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Open Science Framework (OSF) registration, DOI\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/83KMC\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/83KMC<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251395420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:09:38Z","timestamp":1765451378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A participatory systematic review on human rights and the birth of a child with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3500-3338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheryl","family":"Reimer-Kirkham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Western University, Langley, 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