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Underrepresentation of women in clinical trials continues to produce male-centric treatment protocols and insufficient data to support precision care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review applies a translational science framework to examine recurring and cross-cutting gaps in sex and gender health science. Rather than cataloging all disease areas, the review uses three exemplar domains\u2014mental and neurological conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease\u2014to illustrate patterns observed across the research-to-policy continuum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings reveal persistent issues including underrepresentation of women in research, inadequate sex-disaggregated data, and structural biases that impede equitable evidence development. These challenges appear consistently across basic science, clinical research, guideline development, and health policy translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To advance equitable, evidence-based care, recommendations include adopting intersectional frameworks, improving sex-disaggregated data practices, increasing investment in sex-based research, and integrating sex and gender health science into medical education. Addressing these gaps through a translational lens is essential to achieving precision medicine that effectively serves all individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251399009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T11:32:39Z","timestamp":1764156759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Disparities in women\u2019s health and clinical considerations from a translational science perspective: A narrative review and framework for future directions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9290-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, DC, USA"},{"name":"Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, DC, USA"},{"name":"Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1475-2778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh A.","family":"Frame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, DC, USA"},{"name":"Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2007.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004821"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.553071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01283-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"Overview of research gaps for selected conditions in women\u2019s health research at the National Institutes of Health: proceedings of a workshop\u2014in brief","author":"Committee on Assessment of NIH Research on Women\u2019s Health, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Health and Medicine Division, et al","year":"2024","unstructured":"Committee on Assessment of NIH Research on Women\u2019s Health, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Health and Medicine Division, et al. 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