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Eligible studies reported cross-sectional data on providers\u2019 willingness, while we excluded conditionally framed scenarios. Willingness was defined as the intent, readiness, or affirmative response to provide abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Summary-level data on theme-specific willingness were extracted and re-coded into binary or proportional format (yes\/no or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Estimates were pooled using random-effects models. Meta-regression and publication bias assessments were performed. Study quality was assessed using a novel in-house tool tailored for survey-based research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 36 studies (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918,779), reporting 137 estimates across 24 themes. Willingness to provide was highest for lethal fetal anomalies (88.7%, 95% CI: 76.1%\u201395.1%) and maternal physical health risks (88.6%, 95% CI: 55.7%\u201398.0%) but substantially lower for on-request scenarios (33.1%, 95% CI: 14.9%\u201358.4%), surgical abortion (32.1%, 95% CI: 11.6%\u201363.0%), and social reasons (range 20.1%\u201332.0%). Multilevel modeling captured both converging and diverging response patterns across categories. Meta-regression indicated that students had consistently higher willingness than professionals. Dominant religion was also observed to be more strongly associated than legal status and other country-level indices. Evidence of small-study effects was limited apart from in a few themes. Risk of bias was high in 31% of studies, with our tool showing strong structural overlap with Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) frameworks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Providers often prioritized abortion in life-threatening contexts but hesitated in non-urgent scenarios. Values-based training and systemic reforms are needed for equitable access to and expansion of abortion care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO: CRD42025634868.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251410331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1767357908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare professionals\u2019 and students\u2019 willingness to perform abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis, 2014\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7918-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nityanand","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Statistical Consultant, Chandigarh Capital Region, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Fleur","family":"Fahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swarali Yatin","family":"Chodnekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Geomedi, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis Abeku","family":"Ussher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Koforidua Technical University, Ghana"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srinithi","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikshwaki","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Reza","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marinela","family":"Lica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bismark Osei","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global &amp; International Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7349-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest Kissi","family":"Kontor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30315-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Unsafe abortion: unnecessary maternal mortality","volume":"2","author":"Haddad LB","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haddad LB, Nour NM. 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