{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:07:01Z","timestamp":1779188821716,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005404","name":"American Sociological Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005404","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"College of Social Sciences, Fresno State"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diaper insecurity, unmet need for infant\/child diapers, is a form of material deprivation associated with worse maternal mental health, including higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine retrospective reports of mothers\u2019 experiences of diaper insecurity and coping strategies as they related to maternal physical and mental health, health behaviors, and social interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 70 mothers who lacked enough diapers. A thematic analysis using abductive coding was conducted to identify related factors connecting diaper insecurity and mothers\u2019 health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mothers who self-identified as experiencing diaper insecurity were interviewed about reasons they struggled to access diapers, coping strategies, and perceived effects on their financial situations, social relationships, and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative analysis identified three themes centered around mothers\u2019 experiences of diaper insecurity: (1) common ways of managing diaper insecurity, such as missing work, school, or medical appointments and having to forgo other basic needs, shopping, and socializing, which can mean less income, less access to health care, and fewer social interactions; (2) additional physical, cognitive, and emotional labor associated with managing diaper insecurity that contributes to worse physical and mental health; and (3) maternal shame associated with an inability to provide a basic need of early childcare and fear of stigma that hinders parental self-efficacy and sense of self-control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beyond its association with other factors, including low income and social isolation, known to negatively affect psychological well-being, lack of access to enough diapers may contribute to maternal stress, anxiety, and depression. Interviews with mothers revealed the mental, physical, and social toll of diaper insecurity and point to public diaper support as a possible pathway for supporting women\u2019s health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261424037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:06:07Z","timestamp":1773227167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depression of being \u201cdown to my last diaper\u201d: A qualitative descriptive study of associations between diaper insecurity and maternal health"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4845-5691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Randles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Sherman A. 4 in 10 children live in a household struggling to afford basics. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/blog\/4-in-10-children-live-in-a-household-struggling-to-afford-basics (2020 accessed May 1 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Haider A. The basic facts about children living in poverty. Center for American Progress https:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/article\/basic-facts-children-poverty\/ (2021 accessed April 30 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2021.101332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2021.0093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"National Diaper Bank Network. The NDBN diaper check 2023: diaper insecurity among U.S. children and families https:\/\/nationaldiaperbanknetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/NDBN-Diaper-Check-2023_Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf (2023 accessed October 31 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2016.0023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2317-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Raver C Letourneau N Scott J et al. Every little bottom: Diaper need in the U.S. and Canada https:\/\/causemarketing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Huggies-Every-Little-Bottom-Study.pdf (2010 accessed April 1 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2007.00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808320696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000001088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X11415358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Silverstein MJ Sayre K. The female economy. Harvard Business Review https:\/\/hbr.org\/2009\/09\/the-female-economy (2009 accessed May 1 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122419859007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2018 poverty guidelines. Office of Planning and Evaluation https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/2018-poverty-guidelines (2019 accessed November 16 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0735275112457914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690900800105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680209500205"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"Diaper need: a change for better health","volume":"41","author":"Porter S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Porter S, Steefel L. Diaper need: a change for better health. Pediatr Nurs 2015; 41(3): 141\u2013144.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"Carstensen F Gunther P. Better health for children and increased opportunities for families: the social and economic impacts of the diaper bank of Connecticut https:\/\/nationaldiaperbanknetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/The-Social-and-Economic-Impacts-of-the-DIaper-Bank-of-Connecticut.pdf (2019 accessed January 16 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","volume-title":"Scarcity: why having too little means so much","author":"Mullainathan S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mullainathan S, Shafir E. Scarcity: why having too little means so much. Times Publisher, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"Safawi A Floyd I. States must continue recent momentum to further improve TANF benefit levels. 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Diaper tax https:\/\/nationaldiaperbanknetwork.org\/diaper-tax\/ (2025; accessed May 30 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305377"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057261424037","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17455057261424037","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057261424037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:12:52Z","timestamp":1779185572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17455057261424037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17455057261424037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057261424037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"17455057261424037"}}