{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:53Z","timestamp":1792787813157,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 HD117535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 HD117535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"Environment and Global Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL098048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL098048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"HRSA Center ofExcellence in MCH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T03MC07648-12-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T03MC07648-12-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CVD Epidemiology Training Program in Behavior"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant and postpartum incarcerated women are at risk of adverse health outcomes due to pre-incarceration risks and exposures during incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study characterized maternal healthcare and neonatal outcomes among incarcerated pregnant women in Georgia from August 2020 to March 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized a sequential mixed methods approach using data from a birth cohort of children exposed prenatally to incarceration in Georgia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed qualitative data on maternal care experiences from 41 mothers and quantitative data on neonatal outcomes from caregivers of 84 children. Qualitative results informed exploratory tests of group differences for neonatal outcomes (i.e.,mode of delivery, neonatal complications, low birthweight) and breastfeeding initiation between (1) those who gave birth in the community compared to during incarceration; (2) those who were incarcerated in jail as compared to prisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants described low-quality maternal healthcare, inhumane treatment, and lack of safety and comfort, and the use of practices like solitary confinement and shackling. Fisher\u2019s exact tests were significant for differences in breastfeeding initiation between those who gave birth in the community compared to those who gave birth during incarceration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002), but breastfeeding initiation did not differ between those who were incarcerated in jail as compared to prison. Mode of delivery, neonatal complications, and low birthweight did not significantly differ between those who gave birth in the community compared to those who gave birth during incarceration nor those who were incarcerated in jail as compared to in prisons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incarcerated pregnant and postpartum women in Georgia report low-quality maternal healthcare. Policy leaders should establish evidence-based policies for maternal healthcare within prisons and jails and consider community-based alternatives to incarceration for pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261447666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:26:19Z","timestamp":1777519579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u201cI wouldn\u2019t wish that on anybody, that pain\u201d: Maternal healthcare and neonatal outcomes among women experiencing incarceration during pregnancy in Georgia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bethany","family":"Kotlar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modupeola","family":"Odegbami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Senior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Boyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motherhood Beyond Bars"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motherhood Beyond Bars"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Gazzuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motherhood Beyond Bars"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Poehlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Shlafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Slopen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","volume-title":"States of Women\u2019s Incarceration: The Global Context 2018 [Internet]","author":"Kajstura A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kajstura A. States of Women\u2019s Incarceration: The Global Context 2018 [Internet]. Prison Policy Initiative, 2018. [cited 2025 Jun 1]. Available from. https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/global\/women\/2018.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","volume-title":"Maternal Healthcare and Pregnancy Prevalence and Outcomes in Prisons, 2023 [Internet]","author":"Laura MM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laura MM. 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