{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:07:51Z","timestamp":1778940471174,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12HD103085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD103085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2C HD050924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2C HD050924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD098127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD098127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HD007168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD007168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant patients experiencing incarceration with a history of substance use face complex challenges accessing reproductive health services. Despite research indicating interest in these services, contraception counseling and services are often excluded from routine carceral health services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to examine the postpartum contraceptive plans and fulfillment of pregnant patients in the North Carolina prison system with histories of substance use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of a retrospective chart review quantifying the contraceptive plans and fulfillment of pregnant people experiencing incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We abstracted chart data from the prenatal records and scanned delivery records of patients experiencing incarceration in the North Carolina state prison system who accessed prenatal care. We categorized substance use as licit (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis) or illicit (e.g., opioids, amphetamines). We assessed postpartum contraceptive plan documentation and contraception type provided at delivery overall and across type of pre-incarceration substance use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 890 patients that met eligibility criteria, the majority (90.9%) reported the use of at least one type of substance during pre-incarceration and 72.1% reported use of multiple substances. Among patients with either licit or illicit substance use, 167 (20.6%) had a documented plan for long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC), 119 (14.7%) for permanent contraception, 107 (13.2%) for a non-LARC method, 50 (6.2%) with a documented plan for no method or plan to be abstinent, and 366 (45.2%) had no documented contraception plan. Among the patients who delivered while incarcerated, 17.6% of patients received a non-LARC method, 9.5% received a LARC, 5.3% of patients received permanent contraception, three participants (0.6%) received no contraceptive method, and 316 (66.9%) had no documentation of receiving postpartum contraception. The proportion of patients receiving each postpartum contraceptive method type did not differ by pre-incarceration substance use type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum contraceptive preferences of pregnant patients experiencing incarceration may not be adequately prioritized. Our findings indicate a potential unmet need for contraceptive services for pregnant and postpartum people with history of substance use experiencing incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261450180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T18:04:26Z","timestamp":1778781866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postpartum contraceptive plans and fulfillment for pregnant people experiencing incarceration with substance use histories"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Suzanna","family":"Larkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary D.","family":"Carmody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sreya","family":"Upputuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2539-7131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace A.","family":"Trompeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Boynton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn B.","family":"Sufrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kavita Shah","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea K.","family":"Knittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2021.1887097"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6731a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","volume-title":"Drug Use, Dependence, and Abuse Among State Prisoners and Jail Inmates, 2007-2009","author":"Bronson J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bronson J, Stroop J, Zimmer S, et al. Drug Use, Dependence, and Abuse Among State Prisoners and Jail Inmates, 2007-2009. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15030"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2024.100453"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-020-00105-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302765"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2009.05.126"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","volume-title":"Committee Opinion Number 736: Optimizing Postpartum Care","author":"ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice","year":"2018","unstructured":"ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee Opinion Number 736: Optimizing Postpartum Care. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2024.100248"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-024-00530-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342251338420"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2021.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.9.1486"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc. Adequacy of prenatal care utilization index - SAS Program Macro. 2023; Cary NC."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPH-07-2016-0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004429"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","volume-title":"State-level contraceptive use and preferences: estimates from the US 2022 behavioral risk factor surveillance system","author":"Olson H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Olson H, Haas M, Kavanaugh ML. State-level contraceptive use and preferences: estimates from the US 2022 behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Guttmacher Institute, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","volume-title":"Committee Statement Number 8. Permanent Contraception: Ethical Issues and Considerations","author":"ACOG Committee on Ethics","year":"2024","unstructured":"ACOG Committee on Ethics. Committee Statement Number 8. Permanent Contraception: Ethical Issues and Considerations. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2020.0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","volume-title":"White County Judge Rescinds Order Coercing Sterilization and Birth Control","author":"Kee L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kee L. White County Judge Rescinds Order Coercing Sterilization and Birth Control. ACLU Tennessee. https:\/\/www.aclu-tn.org\/white-county-judge-rescinds-order-coercing-sterilization-and-birth-control\/ (2017, accessed 29 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109308"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","volume-title":"Committee Opinion Number 711: Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy","author":"ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice","year":"2017","unstructured":"ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. 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