{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1781596489255,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP170100649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP170100649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incarcerated mothers frequently experience multiple adversities that negatively affect their mental and physical health, yet the timing and nature of these relationships remain underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the timing, type and extent of health problems and adversities experienced by incarcerated mothers in Australia in the five years preceding their current incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study with retrospective life history data using a Life Events Calendar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were drawn from 120 mothers in prison who participated in a larger project on maternal incarceration and child wellbeing. Health problems and adversities occurring in the last five years before incarceration were summarised using descriptive statistics. Bivariate analyses were conducted to assess associations between specific adversities and any, physical, or mental health problems. The number of adversities experienced in each year were compared between mothers with and without health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 119 mothers included in the analysis, 47.9% reported physical health problems, 83.2% reported mental health problems and 42.9% reported both in the last five years. The most common adversities were problematic drug use and victimisation, each reported by 84.0% of mothers. Problematic drug use was strongly associated with all categories of health problems, while death of loved ones was associated with physical health problems. Mothers with physical health problems experienced more adversities in the one to three years before incarceration, while those with mental health problems had greater adversity exposure three to five years prior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incarcerated mothers experience high levels of adversity and health problems, with mental health problems linked to earlier adversity and physical health problems linked to recent adversity. The findings underscore the need for early, holistic, and trauma-informed interventions, particularly those addressing substance use and victimisation, to improve health outcomes and intergenerational harm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261460287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T13:18:35Z","timestamp":1781356715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health problems and adversities experienced by incarcerated mothers: Use of a life events calendar"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-8747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diksha","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Nathan"},{"name":"School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantelle","family":"Baguley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Nathan"},{"name":"School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Nathan"},{"name":"School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Broidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catrien","family":"Bijleveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Dennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Nathan"},{"name":"School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","volume-title":"Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS]","year":"2025","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS]. 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