{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:01:20Z","timestamp":1785484880094,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menopausal hormonal and metabolic changes may increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet long-term national trends and socio-demographic disparities in both T2D burden and hyperglycemia recognition among menopausal women remain insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine 20-year trends in T2D, prediabetes, and recognition of prediabetes- or diabetes-range hyperglycemia among U.S. menopausal women and to assess sociodemographic disparities associated with abnormal glycemic status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional analysis of continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003-2023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analytic sample included 3,574 naturally menopausal women aged \u226545 years with fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and diabetes questionnaire data. T2D and prediabetes were defined using ADA-aligned biomarker thresholds. Hyperglycemia was operationalized specifically as biomarker-defined prediabetes- or diabetes-range hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose \u2265100 mg\/dL or HbA1c \u22655.7%). Recognition status was categorized as recognized hyperglycemia, unrecognized hyperglycemia, or normoglycemia based on glycemic biomarkers and self-reported prior clinician communication of diabetes or borderline diabetes. Survey-weighted prevalence estimates, trend models across cycles, and multinomial\/survey logistic regression assessed associations with race\/ethnicity, education, marital status, employment, and poverty-to-income ratio (PIR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall crude prevalence was 13.7% for diabetes and 34.8% for prediabetes. From 2003 to 2023, diabetes rose modestly from 11.3% to 11.9% (p&lt;.001), while prediabetes increased substantially from 24.3% to 35.2% (p&lt;.001). Unrecognized hyperglycemia increased from 23.9% to 32.9% (p&lt;.001). Higher odds of diabetes were observed for non-Hispanic Black (OR=4.03) and Hispanic\/Latina women (OR=2.81) versus non-Hispanic White women, for \u2264high school education (OR=2.77) versus \u22654-year degree, for disability (OR=1.46) and retirement (OR=1.50) versus employment, and for PIR&lt;1.3 (OR=1.54) versus PIR&gt;3.5; marital status was not associated. Similar patterns were observed for recognized and unrecognized hyperglycemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among menopausal women, prediabetes and unrecognized hyperglycemia increased over two decades, with pronounced disparities by race\/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Integrating routine glycemic screening and tailored, culturally responsive prevention efforts into menopausal care may reduce unrecognized abnormal glycemic status and related inequities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261474458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:11:45Z","timestamp":1785265905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and hyperglycemic recognition among menopausal women: A 20-year analysis of sociodemographic disparities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1323-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hui","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Lee Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ledric D.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taehyun","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Prochnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051770"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. 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