{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T16:44:17Z","timestamp":1787330657048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PF 1061\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PF 1061\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RI 2531\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RI 2531\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare, potentially life threatening condition with nonspecific heart failure symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis. Large language models (LLMs) may support differential diagnosis suggestion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether commonly available LLMs can suggest PPCM and differential diagnoses based on typical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative evaluation of three LLMs using standardized clinical scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT (GPT-5), Gemini (2.5 Flash), and Claude (Sonnet 4.5) were queried with prompts describing a 34-year-old woman with PPCM-related symptoms, with and without postpartum context. Responses were analyzed for PPCM and key differential diagnoses recommended by the European Society of Cardiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT and Claude consistently identified PPCM. Gemini suggested PPCM mainly when dyspnea or edema were present and required postpartum context when palpitations were reported. Claude listed the most differential diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLMs are a valuable tool among differential diagnosis suggestion but performance varies and cannot replace clinical judgment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261476573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:36:49Z","timestamp":1787168209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High sensitivity for peripartum cardiomyopathy among large language models during differential diagnosis consideration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1669-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Gausepohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-2275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Ricke-Hoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Hilfiker-Kleiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School"},{"name":"President, Hannover Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Bauersachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias Jonathan","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1493"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01451-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-013-0366-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.18-729"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14406"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx355"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae559"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaf306"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","first-page":"e34211","article-title":"A Novel Use of an Electronic Differential Diagnosis Generator in the Emergency Department Setting","volume":"15","author":"Burkett EL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burkett EL, Todd BR. A Novel Use of an Electronic Differential Diagnosis Generator in the Emergency Department Setting. Cureus 2023; 15(1): e34211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34211","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13291"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.01.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131596"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101184"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057261476573","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17455057261476573","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455057261476573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T16:18:46Z","timestamp":1787329126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17455057261476573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17455057261476573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057261476573","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"article-number":"17455057261476573"}}