{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:12:09Z","timestamp":1788505929890,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031033","name":"Bule Hora University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women\u2019s empowerment plays a crucial role in the wellbeing of families by affecting nutrition and health. Women\u2019s Empowerment in Nutrition Index (WENI) was recently developed in rural South Asia, but requires validation in new contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric validation of the WENI, the level of nutritional empowerment and factors associated with nutritional empowerment among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted among 392 pregnant women from March 10 to May 30, 2025. The structural validity of the WENI was assessed using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA\/CFA) to identify latent constructs of empowerment. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (\u2265 0.60) and significant results in Bartlett\u2019s Test (p &lt; 0.05) were used for confirming sampling adequacy. Independent factors were identified using a hierarchical negative binomial multiple regression with adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) calculated, considering statistical significance at p &lt; 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Factor analysis revealed a six-factor structure with an internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.86), and convergent and discriminant validities (AVE=0.50, CR=0.70). The model demonstrated strong fit indices (CFI= 0.94; RMSEA&lt;0.06). A significant relationship was found between WENI scores and maternal and child nutrition outcomes (p&lt;0.001), with 51.5% of women being nutritionally empowered. Empowerment was higher in women free from intimate partner violence (aIRR = 1.12), those receiving nutritional counseling (aIRR = 1.33). Conversely, empowerment rates were lower in women with no formal education (aIRR = 0.76) and those in the lowest wealth quintile (aIRR = 0.82).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirmed that nutritional empowerment, measured via a 21-item tool, improves maternal health and food security. However, social norms and a \u201cknowledge-agency gap\u201d persist. Interventions must shift from basic education to actively promoting women\u2019s control over resources, gender equality, and stronger community-based support systems to be truly effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261484831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T08:24:06Z","timestamp":1788164646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["To what extent does the adapted Women\u2019s empowerment in nutrition index demonstrate psychometric validity and determine the nutritional empowerment among pregnant women in southern Ethiopia?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9809-3326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anteneh","family":"Fikrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bule Hora University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gelgelo","family":"Wodessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bule Hora University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miesa","family":"Gelchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bule Hora University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekam Yambo","family":"Jofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bule Hora University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejene","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubarek","family":"Abera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jimma University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Spigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiteit Maastricht Care and Public Health Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","article-title":"Women\u2019s nutrition: A summary of evidence, policy and practice including adolescent and maternal life stages","author":"James PT","year":"2022","unstructured":"James PT, Wrottesley SV, Lelijveld N, et al. 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