{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:00:19Z","timestamp":1790416819294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014046","name":"Air Force Surgeon General","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA7014-07-C-0036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA7014-07-C-0036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Despite the increasing number of female service members in the US and internationally, previous studies examining gender-specific deployment outcomes are limited due to disproportionate sample sizes. Military medical personnel serve as a promising population to better understand gender-specific military psychological outcomes across a deployment cycle.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate differences in risk factors and psychological health in female and male medical personnel across a combat deployment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A cross sectional cohort study of medical personnel (48% female) in the United States Air Force deployed to Iraq between 2004 and 2011 assessed predeployment (N = 759), middeployment (N = 902), and postdeployment (N = 270).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Self-reports of traumatic life events, attitudes about deployment experiences, resilience, posttraumatic growth, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety were collected.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n At predeployment, females reported greater exposure to traumatic events (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = -3.19,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = -0.23,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), more negative attitudes about the military (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = 3.94,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.29,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), higher symptoms of depression (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = -2.83,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = -0.21,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .005), and lower resilience (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = 2.41,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.18,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .016). At middeployment, females reported more negative military experiences (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = 3.51,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.58,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). At postdeployment, females reported more negative military experiences (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = 2.49,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.53,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .015), greater exposure to military healthcare stressors (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = -2.66,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.57,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .009), greater severity of posttraumatic stress (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = -3.48,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.74,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and depression symptoms (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = -3.79,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = -0.81,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Female and male medical personnel responded similarly for most deployment-related outcomes. However, some psychological sequalae are higher for females, possibly due to a reduced sense of resiliency prior to deployment and less positive outlook towards the military mission.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057261492007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:56:58Z","timestamp":1790081818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological risk and resiliency in female and male military medical personnel across the deployment cycle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3653-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea J.","family":"Sterne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"Millard and J.J. Oakley School of the Humanities, Education, and the Arts, Cumberland University"},{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Zwetzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Vacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiara H.","family":"Buccellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey L.","family":"Straud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monty T.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa R.","family":"Ojeda Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willie J.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3327-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey","family":"Young-McCaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennesaw State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Isler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett T.","family":"Litz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","volume-title":"2021 Demographics: Profile of the Military Community","author":"Department of Defense","year":"2021","unstructured":"Department of Defense. 2021 Demographics: Profile of the Military Community. 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