{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:17:47Z","timestamp":1791497867609,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in females in the United States. Prior studies have reported that females receive less patient education and preventive counseling for cardiovascular disease as compared with males. The American Heart Association and others have embarked on several initiatives over the last 20\u2009years to narrow this disparity of care. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a gender disparity remains in the provision of patient education among patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease, a form of cardiovascular disease. The secondary objective was to determine whether there is an association between the provision of patient education and sociodemographic variables and risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study of adults (\u2a7e18\u2009years) diagnosed with coronary heart disease who participated in National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey between the years 2005 and 2014, inclusive. Chi-square tests of independence were performed to address the primary objective. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to assess the association between gender and provision of patient education while adjusting for sociodemographic variables and risk factors of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total raw survey sample size of 17,332 patient visits meeting the study inclusion\/exclusion criteria was utilized. Patients were predominately white, male, non-Hispanic, and \u2a7e75\u2009years of age. Females had 0.86 times the odds of receiving patient education compared with males (95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.78\u20130.95, p\u2009=\u20090.0024). After adjusting for covariates of interest, gender remained statistically significant in the multivariable logistic model. In addition, the variables \u201cother payer\u201d (vs private insurance), tobacco use, primary care physician type, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were found to be statistically significantly associated with the provision of patient education (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the multivariable analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the data analyzed, gender disparities exist, as evidenced by a greater proportion of males receiving patient education than females, among coronary heart disease patients during visits seeking medical care. The acceptability of these findings in terms of overall patient management and treatment goals requires further evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1745506519845591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T05:18:42Z","timestamp":1558329522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Gender disparities in patient education provided during patient visits with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rebecca S","family":"Hilleary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-6221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M","family":"Jabusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becky","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Jiroutek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles A","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1745506519845591","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading causes of death (LCOD) in females in the United States: 2015 (current listing), https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/women\/lcod\/2015\/index.htm (accessed June 2018)."},{"key":"bibr2-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-010-0841-y"},{"key":"bibr3-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.307547"},{"key":"bibr4-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000154568.43333.82"},{"key":"bibr5-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-016-0574-5"},{"key":"bibr6-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.18.2480"},{"key":"bibr7-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000114834.85476.81"},{"key":"bibr8-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181546"},{"key":"bibr9-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820faaf8"},{"key":"bibr10-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.318"},{"key":"bibr11-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2003.20910.x"},{"key":"bibr12-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.4.459"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr13-1745506519845591","first-page":"229","volume":"10","author":"Buttar HS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr14-1745506519845591","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011, pp. 1\u2013166."},{"key":"bibr15-1745506519845591","unstructured":"What is coronary heart disease? NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/health-topics\/topics\/cad# (2016, accessed 4 December 2016)."},{"key":"bibr16-1745506519845591","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. 2010 national ambulatory medical care survey and 2010 national hospital ambulatory medical care survey. For methodology, see national center for health statistics, public use data file documentation: 2010 national ambulatory medical care survey and public use data file documentation: 2010 national hospital ambulatory medical care survey. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/ahcd\/ahcd_questionnaires.htm (accessed 19 February 2017)."},{"key":"bibr17-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.07.010"},{"key":"bibr18-1745506519845591","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sample text for describing NHAMCS in a research article, 6 August, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/ahcd\/Sample_Text_for_Describing_NHAMCS_in_Research_Article.pdf (2014, accessed 4 February 2018)."},{"key":"bibr19-1745506519845591","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Scope and sample design, 15 January, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/ahcd\/ahcd_scope.htm#namcs_scope (2010, accessed 4 February 2018)."},{"key":"bibr20-1745506519845591","unstructured":"SAS 9.3\n                      . Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 2012."},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr21-1745506519845591","first-page":"1","volume":"66","author":"Murphy SL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"bibr22-1745506519845591","unstructured":"Yoon PW, Tong X, Schmidt SM, et al. Clinical preventive services for patients at risk for cardiovascular disease, National Ambulatory Medical Care survey, 2005-2006. Prev Chronic Dis, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pcd\/issues\/2011\/mar\/09_0248.htm (2011, accessed 20 February 2017)."},{"key":"bibr23-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-2-200201150-00015"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr24-1745506519845591","first-page":"273","volume":"65","author":"Screening for lipid disorders in adults: recommendations and rationale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr25-1745506519845591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/986L-LHQ6-2VTE-YRRN"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1745506519845591","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1745506519845591","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1745506519845591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:31:13Z","timestamp":1777710673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1745506519845591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1745506519845591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745506519845591","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"article-number":"1745506519845591"}}