{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:14:55Z","timestamp":1787019295699,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC Starting Grant 716458 IPV_Tanzania"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC Starting Grant 716458 IPV_Tanzania"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Economic abuse is a form of intimate partner violence that still lacks a clear conceptualization and therefore is often overlooked next to physical, sexual and psychological abuse. While existing categorizations recognize economic intimate partner violence as economic control, economic exploitation and employment sabotage, current measurements of economic abuse rarely capture all its forms, and the issue has not been widely explored in low- and middle-income country settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted in-depth interviews with 18 women in Mwanza, Tanzania to understand local perceptions and experiences of economic intimate partner violence. We used a thematic analysis approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study illustrates the complexity of economic abuse as a unique form of intimate partner violence, with women experiencing economic exploitation, employment sabotage, economic control and male economic irresponsibility. Gender norms and expectations actively played a key role in furthering abusive economic behaviour as women attempted to generate their own income and participate in financial decisions. Women\u2019s constructs and reactions to economic abuse diverged sharply from the traditional marital expectations of dutifully accepting male control and the men being the main breadwinners in the family. Despite it being widespread, women did not find economic abuse acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results highlight that economic abuse is a complex issue and that more research on the pathways and manifestations of economic abuse globally would be beneficial. Existing measurement tools should be widened to address all dimensions of economic abuse. Addressing economic abuse will require multi-strategy interventions, working at the individual and community-level to address gender roles and masculinity norms, working with both men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17455065211042180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T11:02:28Z","timestamp":1631098948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Women\u2019s understanding of economic abuse in North-Western Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna de","family":"Serpa Pimentel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"Mshana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Aloyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaina","family":"Mchome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donati","family":"Malibwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annapoorna","family":"Dwarumpudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saidi","family":"Kapiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-8483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"St\u00f6ckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.03.053"},{"key":"bibr2-17455065211042180","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women, 2021, https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/node\/79085"},{"key":"bibr3-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61830-4"},{"key":"bibr4-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508317176"},{"key":"bibr5-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801214564167"},{"key":"bibr6-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208315529"},{"key":"bibr7-17455065211042180","volume-title":"Seeking security: promoting women\u2019s economic wellbeing following domestic violence","author":"Braaf R","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr8-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-018-9973-4"},{"key":"bibr9-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194885"},{"key":"bibr10-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886109914541118"},{"key":"bibr11-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.1500"},{"key":"bibr12-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020976088."},{"key":"bibr13-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018764160"},{"key":"bibr14-17455065211042180","unstructured":"Corrie T, McGuire M. Economic abuse: searching for solutions. Collingwood, VIC, Australia: Good Shepherd Youth & Family Service and Kildonan UnitingCare, 2013, https:\/\/goodshep.org.au\/publications\/economic-abuse-searching-for-solutions-research\/"},{"key":"bibr15-17455065211042180","volume-title":"Municipal challenges and opportunities","author":"Mwanza City Council","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr16-17455065211042180","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. The National accounts of Tanzania mainland 2007-2016. Ministry of Finance and Planning, NBS, 2017, https:\/\/www.nbs.go.tz\/index.php\/en\/census-surveys\/national-accounts-statistics\/na-publications\/367-national-accounts-of-tanzania-mainland-publication-2017"},{"key":"bibr17-17455065211042180","unstructured":"Overseas Development Institute. Case study: Mwanza. Overseas Development Institute, 2016, https:\/\/www.odi.org\/sites\/odi.org.uk\/files\/resource-documents\/11222.pdf"},{"key":"bibr18-17455065211042180","volume-title":"Tanzania demographic and health survey","author":"DHS","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr19-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4119-9"},{"key":"bibr20-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7454-1"},{"key":"bibr21-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30316-X"},{"key":"bibr22-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"bibr23-17455065211042180","volume-title":"Qualitative methods for health research","author":"Green J","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr24-17455065211042180","volume-title":"Researching violence against women: a practical guide for researchers and activists","author":"Ellsberg M","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr25-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12437"},{"key":"bibr26-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000110"},{"key":"bibr27-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243204265269"},{"key":"bibr28-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157348"},{"key":"bibr29-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959353507088266"},{"key":"bibr30-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/354015"},{"key":"bibr31-17455065211042180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2016.09.005"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455065211042180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17455065211042180","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17455065211042180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:32:01Z","timestamp":1777710721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17455065211042180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17455065211042180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455065211042180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"17455065211042180"}}