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From a psychometric perspective, we see a critical need for clarifying the meanings of measurement \u201cbias\u201d and \u201cfairness\u201d to create common ground for constructive discussions within the field of psychology, higher education, and beyond. We critically evaluate six major sources of information that are widely used to help inform graduate-school admissions decisions: grade point average, personal statements, resumes\/curriculum vitae, letters of recommendation, interviews, and GRE. We review empirical research evidence available to date on the validity, bias, and fairness issues associated with each of these admission measures and identify potential issues that have been overlooked in the literature. We conclude by suggesting several directions for practical steps to improve the current admissions decisions and highlighting areas in which future research would be beneficial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916211055374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T14:36:40Z","timestamp":1654871800000},"page":"3-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Bias, Fairness, and Validity in Graduate-School Admissions: A Psychometric Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3232-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Eun","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"LeBreton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa G.","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5522-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17456916211055374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018714"},{"key":"bibr2-17456916211055374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01305"},{"key":"bibr3-17456916211055374","unstructured":"Aisch G., Buchanan L., Cox A., Quealy K. 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